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Many of my bestest of best friends since the late 60s and 70s... are still my best friends.... been there and love the Nova Scotia Black News... and the sharing THIS IS MY STORY... OF POOR WHITE FOSTER CARE WHITE KIDS OF WWII GROWING UP IN NOVA SCOTIA... there were many hardships of those times.... and many of us children, regardless of race, colour, creed, religion etc. suffered dearly.... MY STORY..
This is honestly the the history of the day and of our times of Canada- as a member of the 'poor white trash in more foster homes than care 2 count- WWII baby' the town lived in... no injuns or coloureds were allowed 2 live there... could shop... but could not live there..... and poor white trash kids got 2 go 2 school (law)... always church and sunday school but sitting in the back whilst 'the' families had front pews... but we were the work animals.... we never sat at the big table in the dining room- and the parlour and living room were truly off limits... and our scraps were not as good as the hunting dogs.... we slept on the floor with an army blanket...-brought in firewood, brought up the coal and veggies etc from the cellar- and hand me downs - the dress apparel of the day... were appreciated... food... appreciated..hardship and beatings and abuse... were part of - 'life' as a poor white trash kid from foster home 2 foster home as a WWII kid.... AND.. WE GOT EDUCATED...GREW UP... AND ALL OF US CHANGED THE WORLD IN NOVA SCOTIA... AND CANADA... union, human rights and walking the talk... one step in each community at a time... this is reality.... of those days.... and the heartbreak that was the 'one' dignity of our black brothers and sisters- was Africville. glorious Africville- 4 all the poverty- there was a righteous God loving community of faith, dignity and pride .... that's how I remember Africville.... u inspired us back then... and u inspire us now. hugs and love. God bless our troops.
In our Canadian Schools... we were reading Shakespeare in Grade V... The Wreck of the Hesperus was memorized in Grade IV and in junior high and high school... we had High English, French, German and Latin.... We had math, geometry,gym, English,grammar, debating, science, geography, literature, art, home economics, history-world, industrial arts,ballroom dance-setting formal dinner walk- SOCIAL GRACES ALSO of sitting, health, manners, respect.
we had 2 line up 2 have our hands checked 4 cleaniness and teaspoonful of cod liver oil every day in elementary 4 the first 3 years.... we had skating ponds, old fields 4 ball games, races, hop scotch, marbles, red rover red rover can we come over, sack races, egg-spoon walks, plays - which we were allowed 2 write, literature, music- classical and church, we read encyclopedias by the time we were 12, the radio was the joy and down time... all could hear- no matter of $$$, race, religion, creed etc. - for all of these things... most of us grew up and changed our lives and our world- because we..just...had 2 make it better 4 each and all...
We came home and the poorest of the poor worked like dogs....and got up be4 dawn.
Our teacher Miss Brown had the ugliest and meanest old dog... and she would march (military WWII vet) in them old army boots and a stick the size of Israel and would measure our backs 4 sitting, printing and writing- and the blackboard of hell.... and u never wasted her chalk.... At Christmas the Christians who did NOT believe in gifts and Jewish etc. were givng mittens, socks, scarfs, hats and what ever else was necessary as part of the school- she used 2 say... and all kids got the same... period... and all parents quietly took them... they would dare not 2- Miss Brown frightened the parents more than us kids... if possible.
In schools - we were shunned quite often... because of our abject poverty and circumstances and that white trash foster kid of WWII- but if we were really, really good at something.... teachers started and would pay attention.... by 13yrs excelled in debate and was the best in all sports (kids; like us abused and barely tolerated white trash foster kids off and on WWII babies, just didn't care much and we either feared the world or didn't give a sheeet... unfortunately 4 me many times, I was the later)
The most heartbreaking thing 2 me on this day is that the mess that is United Nations refuses 2 make women equal 2 men and does NOT count children- and 2 many of our troops are dying 4 what??? freedom... basic dignity... human rights in the cruelest parts of the world on this day of impoverished nations...
.... and yet a great man of our times has been allowed 2 die with dignity- and we can remember loudly and quietly... Nelson Mandela changed our world one broken chain at a time- and finally... he's free at last. imho
BLOG: CANADA MILITARY NEWS-Halifax Explosion- nobody helped the coloureds of NS/White Trash foster kids of WWII/Nova Scotia our black history- Human Rights and Freedoms in Canada- Nelson Mandela-South Africa Canada Dec 7 2013
http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/12/canada-military-news-halifax-explosion.html
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from British Columbia... incredible document - explains all the phases
Place Your Agency Information Here END VIOLENCE TOGETHER-For The Dignity Of Every Woman
Child abuse is a crime and affects the child’s sychological, emotional, physical and social well-being.
http://endingviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Child_Abuse_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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A look at the Dominion of Canada, second largest country in the world and the most prominent North American monarchy. Canada was settled by the French and English with Great Britain taking the whole area in the French & Indian War. Canada was successfully defended from the American Revolution and British, Canadian and Indian forces soundly defeated repeated invasion attempts by the US during the War of 1812. Canada came into its own under the reign of Queen Victoria and during World War I the valor of Canadian troops proved that the country had come of age with the Germans categorizing the Canadian Expeditionary Force as "shock troops". The large influx of loyalists after the American Revolution led to the legacy of Canada being considered the part of English-speaking North America most loyal, monarchist and mature. The national anthem is "Oh Canada" and the official languages are English and French. Interesting note: at the founding of the unified Canada the country was going to be called the "Kingdom of Canada" but the name was changed to "Dominion of Canada" for fear that the term "kingdom" would offend the staunchly republican United States.
Canada
FOOD FOR THOUGHT - 1960 Canada's Bill of Rights
Freedom is the right to be wrong, not the right to do wrong.
John Diefenbaker
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10153613334241886&set=a.10152685943101886.1073741826.627936885&type=3&theater
1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the eleventh Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in March 1961, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.
While Commonwealth conferences were normally held biennially, this conference was held after an interval of only a year as the May 1960 conference due to disagreement over South Africa and whether the country should be removed from the Commonwealth due to its policy of racial segregation with Malaya's Prime Minister demanding South Africa's expulsion.
South African Prime Minister H.F. Verwoerd, attended the conference to give formal notice that his country was to become a republic in May 1961 after having approved the constitutional change in an October 1960 referendum. South Africa's application was opposed by the leaders of African states under black majority rule, as well as Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Malaya's Tunku Abdul Rahman, and the other non-white Commonwealth countries as well as Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker due to South Africa's policy of apartheid. Canada was the only member of the old white Commonwealth to oppose South Africa's application. The "Keep South Africa In" group included Britain's Harold Macmillan, Rhodesia and Nyasaland's Roy Welensky, Australia's Robert Menzies and Keith Holyoake of New Zealand.[1] Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker proposed that South Africa only be re-admitted if it joined other states in condemning apartheid in principle.[2] Once it became clear that South Africa's membership would be rejected, Verwoerd withdrew his country's application and left the conference.[3]
Concerns were also expressed about Britain's prospective membership in the Common Market and the possible impact on trade relations between the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.[1] The Commonwealth also expressed its support for worldwide disarmament "subject to effective inspection and control".[4]
Cyprus' application to join the Commonwealth, following its independence the previous year, was approved over the opposition of the United Kingdom which objected as Cyprus had not applied for membership prior to independence as had been customary. Cyprus' President, Archbishop Makarios III, joined the conference once the decision on his country's membership was made. The membership application of Sierra Leone was also accepted and became effective upon its independence on 27 April.
This was the first Commonwealth conference in which one of the heads of government was a woman, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, who was also the first female prime minister in the world.
https://www.revolvy.com/topic/1961%20Commonwealth%20Prime%20Ministers%27%20Conference&item_type=topic
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#Just4Today #bullying #mentalhealth #PTSD #STIGMA #Access4All #EQUALITY #suicide #Abused B A #Survivor #Recovery #Homeless #MeToo #kindness
How To Cope When Sexual Assault Dominates The News Cycle
Moderate your exposure and know when it’s time to unplug.
#MeToo. It happens the same way every time, whether it’s Bill Cosby, Woody Allen, Roger Ailes, Donald Trump and now Harvey Weinstein: A woman will come forward with accusations of sexual abuse, and then many women will come forward and suddenly sexual assault dominates the 24-hour news cycle. It’s everywhere you turn. Your social media timelines are filled with news stories and women sharing their own accounts in solidarity. Celebrities come forward. Hashtags spring up. It seems impossible to escape; at the salon, the bar or work, people are talking about your worst nightmare.
As a woman who has been raped and assaulted (on more than one occasion), whenever a sexual predator dominates the news cycle I simultaneously rejoice that sexual abuse is being exposed and feel sick remembering my own. On the one hand, I’m overjoyed light is being shined on the darkness that lurks in the hearts of some of the men occupying the highest positions in society. On the other hand, the survivors’ accounts echo my own so closely. It evokes a wellspring of emotions, memories and sensations that remind me of ghosts I’d rather forget.
I’m not alone. In fact, with one exception, every woman I know is struggling right now, just look at the hashtag #MeToo to get an idea of the scope. Getting through a day without triggering your PTSD can feel like traversing a laser tripwire grid and for most of us, living in a Wi-Fi-less cave isn’t an option. Over the years I’ve gathered a massive toolkit to help me cope and it occurred to me it might be helpful to share for all the women (and men) struggling to cope.
I’m not a therapist. I’m a survivor. Here’s how I survive:
1. You aren’t overreacting. Stay away from anyone who suggests you are. PTSD is absolutely real. Get rid of toxic people who belittle it or question your truth. Trauma isn’t rational. It lives in the body and just because you can understand why you’re feeling a certain way, doesn’t mean you can magically change how you’re feeling. My therapist always reminds me, “Post-traumatic reactions live in the emotional brain which manifests in the body.” For me, it usually feels like anxiety or panic. I’ll have knots in my stomach, and it feels like an elephant is standing on my chest. Everyone’s experience is different; start noticing what physical reactions you’re having to reading accounts, these can be cues that you’ve absorbed too much.
2. Don’t judge yourself. In my experience, recovering from trauma isn’t a linear process. You’ll be swimming along just fine for days, weeks or even years, and out of nowhere, an emotional rip tide strikes, and it’s a struggle not to go under. This past week I swung from feeling empowered to feeling dirty to sobbing in the shower to rage all within an hour. Forgive yourself for being bonkers. It’s natural. Every time you go through a cycle like this, if you can stay open to whatever is coming up and give yourself (and ask for) the support you need to get you through it, it’s an opportunity to slough off another layer of emotional scar tissue and explore deeper levels of healing.
3. Therapy, therapy, therapy. If you are grappling with complex emotions brought on by latent memories from past trauma, I highly recommend working with a professional if you aren’t already. Therapy is a great place to begin having a healthy relationship with your self. My therapist is a godsend. She’s helped me with the feelings of guilt that I had: I either didn’t do enough or I brought it upon myself. She’s helped me with my feelings of being unlovable, broken and feeling like “damaged goods.” Not only can she help me restore some balance between the rational and emotional parts of my brain, she can also call me out on my negative patterns and point out when I might be reaching for an unhealthy coping mechanism such as men, booze, shopping or sex to soothe my soul.
4. Have a plan. The Weinstein story triggered repressed memories for me that caught me dead in my tracks. Luckily this time, I had a plan. I didn’t always. Veterans know what it’s like: You can be walking along, going about your day and suddenly you’re right there with the smells, the sounds, the lighting, the physical sensations… and you’re no longer here. My therapist and I came up with a plan for what to do when I’m suddenly not in the moment but overwhelmed with sensations from another time and place. She has me sit down in a chair and plant my feet on the ground. I’ll describe how my bum feels touching the chair. Then I’ll pick a color and start naming items in the room that have that color in them, breathing deeply into my belly while I do so. This helps me reorient myself in space and time. That’s my little technique; I suggest you work with a professional to come up with a plan designed just for you.
5. Knowledge is power. Of the many books that have been helpful to me in terms of understanding how trauma impacts the body and the brain from a scientific perspective, my favorite is, The Body Keeps The Score by Bessel van der Kolk. If you can only read one book about the subject, I’d say read this—Bessel van der Kolk offers tangible and innovative solutions to recovery as well as explaining what’s going on physically. He explains it perfectly, “Trauma robs you of the feeling that you are in charge of yourself, of what I will call self-leadership…” he says, “The challenge of recovery is to reestablish ownership of your body and your mind—of your self.”
6. Self-care. Speaking of self, your first priority is making sure you feel safe and protected while the media cycles. Take it from a recovering addict, your vices might protect you in the moment, but you’re still going to have to deal with your stuff eventually. Do your best not to reach for the quick fix, but I don’t judge you if you do. We do what we have to do. It’s easy to be blindsided by emotional baggage if you’re just plowing through without any self-awareness, so write about what’s coming up in a journal. Take a bath, play some soothing music, drink some tea. Make sure you’re eating well. Cry. I went to a museum with my best friend. Go for walks in gardens or on the beach. Play with your kids or nieces and nephews. If you need a health and wellness day—take one. If you’re feeling totally overwhelmed, reach out and get professional help. I cannot emphasize the importance of having a professional guide you through processing post-traumatic reactions—it’s too much to do on your own.
7. Put the mask on first. You are no good to your friends, your kids, and your community if you’re falling apart. As Gandhi said, “A drowning man can’t save others.” Before you share your story online in solidarity, before you reach out to other women, before you do anything for anyone else, make sure you’re taking care of yourself first. This is particularly true for those of us working in media and politics and can’t turn the news cycle off. We become the story. Set boundaries with your time and what you’re willing to share. No job is more important than your mental health. Moderate your exposure and know when it’s time to unplug.
8. If you feel inspired, share your story. Great power and solidarity comes from opening up about some of our deepest wounds, fears and shame. There is the expression, “Your secrets keep you sick.” and sharing your story can be immensely liberating. But I urge caution when you do so. Recognize that speaking out might open you up to attacks from the heartless, faceless Garbage Pail Kids who lurk online. They’ll tell you you’re trying to get attention. They’ll call you a lying tramp and worse. Reading other women’s accounts might enrage you and trigger memories you’ve suppressed. Tread carefully. Retraumatization is real. Understand that individual and institutional reactions to your story can cause even more damage if you aren’t prepared.
9. Support other women.* All of them. Even women you don’t necessarily see eye to eye with politically. Sexual assault isn’t a partisan problem and if ever there is a movement all women should stand united on, it’s this one. Resist the urge to be contrarian just for the sake of it. Call your sisters, girlfriends, aunts and see how they’re doing. Have a girl’s night. Stay close to one another. It’s also good practice to get out of your own head and see how someone else is doing.
*Sexual assault isn’t a gender specific problem. Many men have experienced trauma, and ideas about masculinity can make it even harder for men to come forward, so don’t belittle their accounts just because they aren’t female.
10. You don’t owe anyone, anything. Details. Stories. Explanations. Attention. Emotional support. Nothing. Surround yourself with love and joy and laughter and compassion. Stay close to people who love you and far away from people who don’t understand what you’re going through, they’ll only make it worse. You don’t need to share your story just because everyone else is. You owe it to yourself to do what’s best for you. That’s it.
11. Compassion, compassion, compassion. Forgive yourself for whatever you’ve had to do survive and whatever it takes now to do so. The best advice anyone ever gave me was to treat myself the way I would treat a child that was hurt and scared. Would I shame that child? Would I tell her to get over it? No. You would hold the child with compassion and make her feel safe. In trauma recovery that’s what you learn how to do—recover your whole self—the parts that dissociated when you were abused or assaulted. We have the power to recover from our sexual abuse and use it to help other women and men trying to overcome theirs. We have a voice. We have choices. We have influence. We have the power to recognize that just because we are victimized, it does not doom us to a lifetime of being a victim.
Reclaim your whole self and let her know — you got this. She’s a survivor and in this moment, she’s safe.
Need help? Visit RAINN’s National Sexual Assault Online Hotline or the National Sexual Violence Resource Center’s website.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/how-to-cope-when-sexual-assault-dominates-the-news_us_59e4ec1de4b02e99c58358b9?utm_campaign=hp_fb_pages&utm_source=women_fb&utm_medium=facebook&ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000046
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RACISM IN AMERICA- CARIBBEAN NATIONALS JUST DONT GET IT?
(comments are incredible and wonderful)
Racism in America…. Caribbean Nationals just don’t get it?
Caribbean immigrants who arrive to the United States are often shell-shocked by the palpable presence of racism. What is all the more surprising is that these tensions are more so perpetuated by African-Americans. Before an immigrant can experience the strife and joys of the States, they are frequently discouraged, or should I say, warned. Warned that success will most certainly be harder for them. Warned that things are different ‘here’ and that the color of your skin has in more ways that one already set them up for failure.
Living in the United States as a person of color immediately affiliates you as African-American. You’re on the black team now, and as such, may find yourself in situations where you are scrutinized by other black Americans for your racial ignorance. The whole world has been touched by the angst of inequality and prejudice (including the Caribbean) but African-Americans appear to have the hardest time moving forward. Other nationalities, while heavily conscious of their ugly pasts are not nearly as tainted. It appears that Black Americans have been so grossly affected by racism that they almost lay-wait offensive behavior.
Those of us who were raised in the West Indies did not grow up in homes where race was a common topic of discussion. I never heard anyone call another person the N-word, and I never once distinguished my friends by their race. Some time ago, when I received a friend-requests from an old classmate, I was a tad bit surprised that she was Caucasian. When I reminisced on our time together I couldn’t recall her race. I always thought of her as having a lighter complexion than I, but I never thought of her as white. Growing up, we didn’t place each other in different racial categories. She was just on the lighter end of what I then considered the same color spectrum. I guess that ‘out of many one people,’ stuff does ring true. Our forms don’t request racial demographics. There are no “white” neighborhoods and our third world problems consume any possible room one could have for crimes driven wholly by hate. At best, socioeconomic class is all that truly separates (not segregates) a Caribbean nation.
While at a dinner function, I needed to reconnect with a member of the staff whom I met briefly. The hostess came by and asked me to describe the person with which I spoke. I said “he’s a short black guy with large framed glasses.” I got quite a few snarls and my companion leaned in and pinched me, as if to say, I can’t believe you just did that. When I asked “what?” She replied, “you just said the black guy.” Apparently it came off as offensive. Why? I don’t know. The gentleman is after all black. How is it more appropriate to say African-American, we don’t say African Caucasian or Anglo Caucasian. What’s so wrong with saying someone is black or white?
Another thing out of character for the Caribbean American is the assumption that race is the most likely rationale for a qualified African-American not getting a job. While I will not dispute that prejudices- whether they be racial, socioeconomic or sexual orientation- do influence the decisions of stakeholders, I’m not so quick to gesture toward the color of my skin. Too often, I see persons point to their inner arms, implying to fellow African-Americans “you know it’s cause she’s black.” Maybe she didn’t get the job because the other person is more qualified, more personable, or gels in more with the team. Maybe it was her race, but why jump to that conclusion first?
African Americans also have a keen and often unwarranted sense of racial awareness. You see, I can be at a restaurant and never once notice that my table has the only number of black people in the establishment. I would have enjoyed my meal, engaged in great conversation, and left a healthy tip, without having noticed that “we didn’t get straws with our water,” or that “the other table didn’t have to ask for their bread.” I’m not looking for racial discrepancies and as such, I don’t find any. Perhaps I am naive but what good is it to have this kind of heightened awareness? I never realized SNL didn’t have a female black comedian until the show’s scrutiny received media attention. I never noticed because I don’t need the cast to be dark-skinned to feel connected. I don’t find the situations any less relatable because a traditionally black person (I guess Maya Rudolph isn’t black enough) wasn’t on screen. I just don’t pay as much attention to these things because it first requires that I acknowledge myself as different from those on screen.
The Formula
You don’t have to live in your past to ensure you’ll never forget it. Choosing to err on the side of pleasantry doesn’t make you any less prepared for the worst. It does however, in its own self-proclamation make the unpleasant more likely. The psychological technique of autosuggestion can be described as the manifestation of persistent thoughts into tangible outcomes. It more or less dictates that if you think on any one thing often enough, it will come to fruition.
If you go into any setting with preconceived ideas of how it will be, chances are your expectations will be met. Don’t consume yourself with negative thoughts, even when hateful persons prove them warranted. You’re adding fuel to a fire that should have long been extinguished. We simply cannot move on from a past that we ourselves continue to perpetuate.
By no means am I suggesting that one ignore racist acts or persons. I am suggesting that instead of looking for racism in every act, slur or interpretation, that perhaps your outlook would be a bit brighter if you instead let it find you. We can change the course of our future if we desist from breathing life into acts of discrimination. It is not, nor will it ever be acceptable. However, we can remain conscious of the reality and fight to bring backward ideologies to an end without continuously perpetuating it in our own lives.
We don’t have to go looking for racism to know that it exists. Let’s not take the burden of that expectation into every room, setting or conversation with us. Hopefully, one day my children will live a life as blurred of race as mine was. Until then, I pray that the disparities that still separate us today will continue to dissolve.
http://aidanneal.com/2014/06/29/racism-caribbeans-just-dont-get-it/
COMMENT:
I’m a Canadian born black woman whose parents and grandparents were born in Canada (as far back as the late 1800s). Being around other black people, there was a cultural clash at times. In high school, it wasn’t very nice when they’d ask me questions like, what kind of food do you Canadian people eat, you Canadian blacks are loud, crude, drunks, you’re a Canadian black, you have no culture (this happened in college). It was even difficult for me to date black Canadian men b/c I wasn’t from the islands. I used to wonder, if life in the islands was always warm, sun, beaches, oceans, etc. was so exotic and beautiful, why would their parents trade all of that for ice, snow, and extremely cold weather? I just never understood it at all. As well, my parents were smart and very Black cultured – Mom even cooked Caribbean dishes to perfection (she learned when she was young from a man from Barbados). I used to feel kind of left out and isolated b/c I didn’t feel accepted; however, my parents taught me those kids attitudes stemmed back from what they learned at home, At our family functions, it would be straight up R&B, James Brown, and Motown, the only exception was “Hot, Hot, Hot” as the only West Indian song played at our functions.
It used to make me upset that other cultures would automatically assume that b/c I was Black – first question, “no, where are you really from” as if they were looking for me to say my parents were from the islands. My parents first applied for their Canadian passports in the late 80s and the officer was shocked to see my parents were Canadian born – she said she never saw that before.
However, with the love and support from my parents and other relatives, I learned that it was their problem (West Indians). Not all of them act that way; however, it was a trying time for me – I learned in those days that Black did discriminate against one other and they also said part of it was due to jealousy and some of them saw me as a threat. I really liked this black guy, but he rejected me (he’s also canadian born – parents were from the islands), because I didn’t have an island background, that was heartbreaking to hear; however, he got his wish – married now to a fat, dumpy, island woman who doesn’t take care of herself – be careful what you wish for 100%. My ex sis-in-law had that same mentality – thinking she was better than other blacks – who was the immigrant to our country and she’d always find some way to compete w/me for our mother in law’s affections. However, in the interim, my MIL hung around my immediate family on the first day she met them vs. her family, she barely even spoke to them. She felt a good presence with my family – and we were just being ourselves. Now she ended up divorcing her husband (my ex bro in law) and married herself a White man. She was a bit superficial – the whole time I knew her – I never even saw her real hair, always had to sport long braids and/or a weave and hated the fact she was a size 14 vs. me being a size 5 (I gained weight – this was from 12 years ago). However, people can’t make you inferior unless you let them.
COMMENT:
thoroughly enjoyed reading this piece. Growing up in Jamaica, I went to school with people from every race but the difference of our divide was mainly socio-economic. Not to say there was not racism, but skin color or ethnicity was never the most important topic of the day. This was a great read, and rings true to so many of my experiences since I have lived in America, and I have to add that most of the blatant acts of racism I have experienced are perpetuated by African Americans. YES, I said it! I see no implied superiorism in this either, we simply are of different upbringings. It is not a comparison, and gave no reason for offense, unless, as the Aidan said, “you go searching for it…”
My take on it, I will not be defined by the color of my skin, and will never allow anyone to make me feel inferior. I keep the Jamaican National Motto, “Out of Man, One People” close to my heart irrespective of who it may offend.
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racism and prejudice from african tribes, indian tribes, white prejucide- rich and poor ; asian; and middle east - since beginning of time ...and smart educated savvy folks know this from all nations ... and most important animals valued more than women in modern civilized societies until 20th century...imho
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The White Indians of Naviria- The Untold Story of The Last Stone-Age Indo European Tribes
Politics of White Indians (with 17 images at the end of text)
"Whilst the art of navigation was yet in its infancy, the Gulf-stream suggested to the mind of Christopher Columbus certain indications of the existence of western regions. Two corpses, the features of which indicated a race of unknown men, were cast ashore on the Azores, towards the end of the 15th century. Nearly at the same period, the brother-in-law of Columbus, Peter Correa, governor of Porto Santo, found on the strand of that island pieces of bamboo of extraordinary size, brought thither by the western currents. The dead bodies and the bamboos attracted the attention of the Genoese navigator, who conjectured that both came from a continent situate towards the west. We now know that in the torrid zone the trade-winds and the current of the tropics are in opposition to every motion of the waves in the direction of the earth's rotation." ~~~~Alexander Von Humboldt 1803
Many medieval cartographers and mariners felt that the Canary Islands must be the beginning of the Indies, and a lot of maps from that period show island chains that never even existed, amidst overgrowths of a medieval Atlantic-mythos that dotted the ocean with archipelagos that were confusing beyond redemption. The Florentine cartographer Paolo Toscanelli inspired Columbus by telling him that it was only 3000 nautical miles to Japan, when it's actually 10,600. But this, as well as the bamboo and native Americans floating in their canoes in the Azores did give Columbus the curious impulse to explore a bit further, so he launched his first voyage to America from the Canary Island of Gomera on September 6, 1492, reaching the Bahamas in 33 days.
Columbus and his crew were sailing under the Spanish monarchy, and were speaking mostly Spanish on their voyages, and there is ample evidence that the Spanish word "Indios" (Indians) was used on both sides of the ocean, for the Canary Island Guanches in the eastern Atlantic, and the native tribes in the Caribbean...the Tainos, Arawaks and Caribs on the western side, and even in the western Pacific for the natives of the Philippines while under the Spanish regime.
Regarding the Spanish word "Indios," American Indian professor of history & attorney Robert A. Williams, said this is how the word came to be used for the Native Americans too:
"It's a topic rife with controversy and dissension. I go to the source, his (Columbus) journals indicate he thought he had discovered the "Indies" which had been called such since Alexander the Great's time: 'In 33 days I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies' (en 33 dÃas pasé de las islas de Canaria a las Indias). He then describes the inhabitants: 'To the first [island] which I found I gave the name San Salvador . . . the Indians call it GuanahanÃ' (A la primera que yo hallé puse nombre San Salvador . . . los Indios la llaman GuanahanÃ). He makes at least another ten references to either India, the Indies, and Indios, for what it's worth."
Indeed, after Columbus had returned from his first voyage news of his discovery had already reached his native Italy where a poem from that year ended with the words "Finta la storia della inventione delle nouve isole di Canaria indiane"........ literally, "The history of the discovery of the new Indian islands of the Canary is finished." This clearly shown how both the Guanches and natives of America came to be known as Indios, or Indians in English, and why the Canary Islands were often thought to be the geographical beginning of the Indies.
Till the day he died Columbus insisted that he had touched the shores of east Asia, and that the West Indies were the East Indies, Cuba was Japan, Panama was Malaya etc. But his intentions were not simply a matter of recording the appearance and customs of these island inhabitants, but also of Spanish political dominion: if these western islands were more 'Canaries' as well as Indies, then Spain could claim them as its property, disregarding whatever the Guanches and Tainos might say, think or feel.
So the final 100 year-long battle & conquest of the Guanche Indians on Tenerife island in the east Atlantic was really a dress rehearsal for the extermination of 100 million American Indians by the Spanish within the next few generations after Columbus infamous 1492 voyage.
Besides the predominantly dark-skinned natives in the Caribbean islands and the Americas, there were also many very white and some quite black inhabitants in the New World. David Abulafia, Professor of Mediterranean History at the University of Cambridge, in his book "The Discovery of Mankind" (2008) noted of this first voyage:
"What Columbus wanted to find was people who were fully clothed, preferably in rich silks (as Marco Polo had described the Japanese). So it was very exciting when one of his men who had gone a short distance into the jungle stumbled upon a troop of thirty Indians among whom were three men in tunics, one with a tunic right down to his feet which made the Spaniards think he was a Christian friar, all the more so since they were 'as white as us'. The Spaniard was in fact so alarmed that he turned and fled, but the man in the long tunic tried to catch up with him. Columbus finally decided that this man must have been the local cacique (chief). But the admiral was becoming tired and ill, and, aware that he could easily become stuck without provisions, he turned back to Hispaniola."
The concept of light-skinned Indians may seem like an anomaly, but it is not so rare as one might believe. Within academic circles the pre-Spanish inhabitants of the Caribbean islands are generally classified as Native Americans, but they also fall under the category of "Atlantic Islanders", along with the light-skinned Guanche Indians of the Canary archepelago. There are even linguistic ties such as the use of the root word "Guan", used all over the Canaries in Guanche place names, and in the Caribbean on the first island Columbus landed on in the Bahamas, "Guanahani," as well as Cuban place names like Guantanamo and Guanabacoa.
Besides Columbus, Cortez found white Indians imprisoned in Montezuma's palace in Mexico City, George Vancouver saw them on Vancouver Island in 1792, and commander Stiles of the American Navy claimed to have seen the same group in 1848. Humboldt saw about 100 of them in Columbia in 1801. White Indians have been reported among the Mandan tribe along the banks of the Mississippi River, and in one of the first books ever published by a Native American woman, "To The American Indian; Reminiscences of a Yurok Woman" by Lucy Thompson (1916), she devoted an entire chapter of her work titled: "Traditions of the Ancient White People," where she gives vivid descriptions of the indigenous Caucasian tribe called "Wa-gas," who had inhabited the northwest region of California prior to her Yurok people. She describes the Wa-gas as moral and civilized, and says that they taught her people all of their arts and sciences, including the fish traps still in use in the 20th century, and says these Wa-gas were all over the continent. These same early white indigenous tribes were also described by another native American woman named Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins in her 1883 book titled "Life Among The Piutes; Their Wrongs and Claims," who said that her tribe wiped out an entire tribe of 2600 reddish-haired people who lived along the Humboldt River, and this war lasted 3 years, finally trapping the last of them in a cave and burning them out with a large fire.
In the 1920's Richard O. Marsh, a civil engineer working for an American rubber company, was exploring the jungles in Panama south of the canal zone, and discovered an entire tribe of white Indians numbering around 2000, who spoke a language with a proto Indo-European structure, built stepped-pyramids and even had a whistling language similar to the silbo used in the Canary Islands to this day. He very aptly described his findings in the suppressed book "White Indians of Darien," (G.P. Putnam's Sons, N.Y. 1934) which included photos, maps and vivid details of him introducing 3 of these young natives to the United States to be examined by some of the leading scientists of the day.
Even the Book of the Hopi mentions the Pahana, described as the the Hopi's lost white brother, ubiquitous as legends of Quetzalcoatl, Kululcan, Viracocha and many other bearded, light-skinned inhabitants of ancient pre-Columbian America. Pedro Pizarro, a Spaniard who took part in the conquest of Peru in 1571, left us with the following quote: "I saw in this land an Indian woman and a child who did not differ from those who are white and blond. These people say that the latter were the children of the heathen gods." Indeed, the heathen gods being the ancient culture-bearers who had reached America at the dawn of history.
Although most American aboriginals are descended from Asiatic migrants who came the northern way along the route from Siberia to Alaska, there was also a Caucasian-like element that flourished sporadically in certain centers of the Americas as an intellectually active and influential minority, then declined through intermixture and extermination. The question remains....why is this part of American history considered taboo in bookstores, universities and throughout most of the scientific community. As if the Guanches and all other white aboriginal cultures are "on probation" because of the transgressions of their European cousins. The answer lies in the politically incorrect fact that the higher cultures in the Americas...the Mayan, Aztec and Incan, were not created by American Indians from Asiatic origin, but were imported from the Fertile Crescent at the dawn of history by these aforementioned light-skinned mariners, who crossed the Atlantic Ocean in some type of seaworthy vessels and introduced to the Western Hemisphere the science and technology that already existed in their homelands of Sumer and Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean cultures. The Canary Island Guanche culture was part of this pyramid-building/mummy complex expansion, and the similarities are uncanny. The European colonization of the Americas and Polynesia after 1492 was just a replay of a very similar colonization that occurred approximately 2500 to 3000 years ago, and while the Spanish used Christianity to spread their dominance, the ancient mariners from the Fertile Crescent likewise used their Solar Cosmology to conquer and subdue the indigenous American and Pacific island natives, for better or for worse.
Ultimately the higher cultures or empires on both sides of the Atlantic collapsed, and all that was left of the original populations of colonizers were many scattered tribes of white Indians who returned to a more primitive existence, frequently involved in conflicts resembling racial civil wars with other tribes. Thor Heyerdahl gives his perspective (1951):
"Worship, persecution, and worship are a natural sequence in aboriginal America as elsewhere. Racial friction and jealousy would overshadow the former feeling of respect, as aboriginal tribes rose in prosperity and cultural standing around an immigrant hierarchy. As the years or centuries passed, the enlightened pupils would soon lose faith in the divinity of their alien masters, and uproar and unrest would urge the latter to withdraw, seeking safety and renewed veneration and power among less informed and more credulous subjects. Once departed, their teachings and benefits, and the blunders of their successors, would gradually restore their former position as the divine and benevolent culture-bearers of the past, their departure would be deeply regretted by the people and their church, and would form the basic element in their religion and historic memories."
By the 21st century the word "indigenous" has come to be regarded as an expression, not only for a particular native population, but also a relevant concept for denoting political & religious power, or even ethno-nutritional preferences such as the idea of indigenous foods. The poor old Guanches never knew that just their very existence in the 15th Century, as indigenous Caucasians living in a Stone-Age Atlantic island setting for 90 generations would cause so much political controversy in the 21st century, that critics would doubt that such a people could have ever existed, let alone dwelt in caves, built stepped-pyramids, mummified their dead and held off the Spanish for close to 100 years. Seems that the dominant media perception of the white man cast in the role as the technocratic colonizer and oppressor of innocent natives, is too well entrenched in the public's mind to be undone by such an aboriginal anomaly as these Caucasoid troggs being the innocent natives. And the Indians label also sounds misplaced, like calling Tarzan an African. But true history often contains many surprises, and the evidence of this information is factual, regardless of how unorthodox it may sound to wikipedia-addicted critics in the computer age. Playing the race card to oppose this part of American history is a flimsy offensive tactic used by uneducated moderns who have exhausted all of their intellectual defense strategies.
The Guanche Indians of the Canary Islands remained in the Stone-Age until they were "re-discovered" during the European Renaissance, outlasting the pomp and power of everything that had been Egypt, Sumer, Inca, Aztec, Maya....etc.. Their habitations in the 7 islands may have originally been an agricultural colony established by the Phoenicians or Sumerians, that ultimately revolted, or simply endured the centuries of their overlords, until those ships came no more. As an archetype or paradigm their survival, culture, wisdom and very existence awakens an ancient memory of some primal Western spirit, and in the future, philosophers and teachers will find a very unique political and spiritual model in the history of these last Stone-Age Indo-European Indios. The so-called white man of modern times...the spiritually-challenged corporate Cro-Magnon with his three-piece business suit, luxury sedan, computerized office and opulent house in suburbia...is really nothing but a Naturmensch at heart. A barefoot Guanche, content with a full basket of figs, a comfortable cave for his family and another sunny day in bucolic Nivaria. And therein lies the meaning and lesson of this remote corner of one lost migration from the white man's distant past. An archetypal Cro-Magnon tribe in touch with their natural spiritual roots. The white man not only makes a good technophile....he's not too bad at primitivism either.
This odd map shows how the world may have looked to Christopher Columbus and other medieval mariners in 1492, the year of his first trip to America. He believed that the Canary Islands were the beginning of the "Indies", and even after his ships landed in the Bahamas on Guanahani, Columbus never realized that he had reached a new continent. Returning from this first voyage, news of his discovery had already arrived in his native Italy where a poem from that year ended with the words "Finta la storia della inventione delle nouve isole di Canaria indiane"........ literally, "The history of the discovery of the new Indian islands of the Canary is finished." He referred to the inhabitants of all these islands as Indios.... natives of the Indies, so this clearly shows how both the Guanches in the Canaries and natives of the Americas came to be known as Indios, or Indians in English, and why the Canary Islands were often thought to be the geographical beginning of the Indies.
Indigenous Atlantic island tribes like the Tainos, Awawaks, Guanches and Caribs were invaded, conquered and annihilated by the Spanish....but not until the 20th and 21st centuries does the fact that some of these Indians were light-skinned Caucasoids (like the conquistadors themselves) have any socio-political relevance to their descendants..
Shortly after Columbus landed in the New World he was describing the newly discovered islands in the western Atlantic (The Bahamas) as part of the Canary group, and in this book published on June 15th 1493 by his countryman Giuliano Dati, the author emphasizes their contiguity with the west and seems to place them closer to the fabled Canary islands than to China, which is where Columbus thought he was close to. The natives everywhere on this voyage were called "Indios", or natives of the Indies.
The book closes with the passage: "Here ends the History of the Discovery of the New Indian Islands of the Canaries, drawn from a letter by Christopher Columbus, translated from the Latin into vernacular verses by Giuliano Dati in praise of the celestial court".
Watercolor by Leonardo Torriani from 1590, showing 2 Guanche Indians on Gran Canary involved in an athletic contest of throwing, dodging and catching darts and stones. This painting proves that even nearly 100 years after the conquest, there were still a few of the old Guanches left, and they looked just like the chroniclers had described them; large, blond, bearded and powerful.An ancient Mayan wall-painting in the temple at Chitzen-Itza, first published by Morris, Charlot and Morris in 1931, Vol. II, plate 146, who released this color reproduction of these pre-Columbian murals, and wrote in the caption that they 'depict a series of relating episodes concerning a fair-skinned people with flowing yellow hair, defeated in battle and subsequently sacrificed by conventionally equipped black-skinned warriors.' The priests or artists who decorated this important Maya temple long before the arrival of Columbus, were obviously well acquainted with the fact that there existed people with race traits different from their own. Further, Morris, Charlot and Morris note: 'Just what this unusual disparity of type may mean is purely a matter of conjecture, but it can not help but bring to mind legends rife throughout the American continent concerning the fair skin and golden hair of a mythical race.'George Catlin painting of a white Native American woman in traditional dress, near the Missouri River. Mi-neek-e-sunk-te-ca (The Mink, George Catlin, 1832-1839) While it could be argued that she was a descendant of captive European settlers, Catlin had dozens of other paintings of Indians that looked nothing like this one.Title page from Richard Marsh’s (1934) thirty-six chapter illustrated opus on the Chepu Tule Indian tribe near San Blas, Panama. In 1924-1925 he organized a scientific expedition with a party of 24, including an anthropologist, biologist, naturalist, geologist, botanist and topographer.
Many of the 400 natives he met on this adventure were light-skinned and blond with hazel colored eyes (though not albinos), who lived primitive in the surrounding jungles for untold generations, built terraced pyramid mounds, spoke a language with a Sanskrit structure... possibly similar to the proto Indo-European dialect on Tenerife and embodied many Guanche-like qualities such as bravery, honesty and high respect for women.This 16 year old girl Mimi and two boys from her tribe, Olo-ni-pi-guina age 14 and Chepu age 10, were brought to the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in America to help unravel the mystery of their culture, whose existence marks them as the only remaining 20th century inheritors of a lineage that could answer the riddle about America’s pre-history. Through a Dr. Alex Hrdlicka a scientific committee in America recognized the Chepu Tule tribe as a practically pure-blooded remnant of the ancient first dynasty Mayans, and also related anthropologically to the early coastal cultures of Peru, the Yuncas and the Chimu. When Mr. Marsh was blazing his way up the Chucunaque valley the local Indians were using whistling signals at night, to exchange messages, identical to the way the Canary Island Guanches did in the past and still do on Gomera island.Panama’s geographical importance as an overland passage to the western coasts of North and South America as well as Polynesia was rediscovered by Europeans like Balboa in the 16th century, who marched across the isthmus and built new ships on the Pacific shores.The "Darien Gap" as it is sometimes referred to is the missing link on the Pan American Highway, literally the only place from Alaska to the bottom of South America where a road does not exist to connect Central America with South America, this narrow 50 mile wide isthmus is the link between 2 huge oceans...the Atlantic & Pacific, and truly one of the most important crossroads of the world even before the opening of the Panama canal in 1914. It was a perfect place for white Indians to hide out between 2 mountain ranges forming walls along each coastline, and preserve their culture like the Guanches did on the lonely Canary Islands in the east Atlantic before the European expansion in the 15th century.Author Richard Marsh later went on to draft the Declaration of Independence and Human Rights of the Tule people. His collection of diaries, photos, correspondence and films were donated to the Smithsonian Institution in 1997 by his son, and occupy 4 linear feet of shelf space.Richard Marsh's book, published in 1934, quickly brought a lot of attention to this tribe, and very soon after there were many Mormons who made expeditions down to Panama to investigate these people, including archaeologist Milton R. Hunter, and later Jack H. West, who put together a film titled "Ancient Ruins of America", and here's a clip from that film showing some of these white Indians in Panama, from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tptqcG9zdhQIf ever a picture were worth a thousand words this 1920's image of a white Indian child in native dress from the Chepu Tule tribe in Panama would easily take 1st prize. While some scientists and political correctors are praying for evidence of albinism or of some odd genetic mutation, this little towhead had 2000 other relatives living in the nearby Panamanian jungle for thousands of years, speaking a proto Indo-European language, building pyramids, writing script, using a whistling language and showing very high respect for women just like the old Guanche Indians did. Three of these white Indians were taken to the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York in 1925 and studied by leading scientists and geneticists, who reached the conclusion that they were indeed white Indians.Through the kind cooperation of Dr. R. Carion Cachot and Dr. L.F. Galvez of Museo National de Anthropologica y Arqueologia in Lima, Peru, and Dr. P. Pawlik of Instituto de Estudios Etnologicos, Thor Heyerdahl was able to obtain these photos of pre-Inca mummy heads from Makat Tampu, Paracas Peninsula and Nazca, Peru, clearly showing their blond, red and brown hair. These white Indians of South America were descendants of the Viracocha, an ancient Caucasian tribe who entered into the culture-complex of pre-Inca Peru.When the Spaniards were advancing through the vast Inca empire of Peru they came upon huge megalithic sites of pre-Inca origin, which had been abandoned centuries before Columbus and now lay in ruins. One of the most spectacular examples of megalithic architecture in the New World was encountered at Vinaque, between Cuzco and the ocean. The contemporary chronicler, Cieza de Leon, writing in 1553, reported: "When I questioned the neighboring Indians as to who had made that monument of antiquity, they answered that it was another people, who had been bearded and white like ourselves, who, they say, came to these parts a long time before the Incas reigned, and made their residence there."How firmly rooted these traditional memories were is best illustrated by the fact that the Peruvian archaeologist, Dr. L. Valcarcel, arriving to study the Vinaque ruins 400 years after Cieza de Leon, was given the same information: that these structures had been built by a foreign people 'white like Europeans'.Proceeding southward to Lake Titicaca, the Spaniards entered the hub of former Viracocha activity. Throughout the Inca empire, traditional histories had agreed in placing the centre of Viracocha habitation on the Island of Titicaca in the lake of the same name, and in the neighboring city of Tiahuanaco, with its vast stone-dressed pyramid, megalithic walls, and monolithic statues. Cieza de Leon writes again from 1553: "They also tell that, on the Island of Titicaca, in the past centuries, there was a bearded people white like us, and that a chief by the name of Cari...passed over to the island with his men, and waged such war on the people of which I speak that he killed them all."In a special chapter on what he calls the ancient buildings of Tiahuanaco, Cieza de Leon has this to say (1553): "I asked the natives...if these buildings had been constructed in the time of the Incas. They laughed at this question, affirming what has been already stated, that they had been made long before they ruled...For this reason, and also because they say they have seen bearded men on the Island on Titicaca and that the buildings of Vinaque had been constructed by similar men, I say that perhaps it may be that before the Incas reigned there may have been some people of intelligence in these realms, come from some parts not known, who had done these things, and being few in number and the natives many, they might have been killed in wars."One of the world’s authorities on mummies, Warren Royal Dawson was consulted on the question of possible changes in mummy hair color over time. He responded, “From the examination of large numbers of mummies both from Egypt and other countries including South America, my opinion is that the hair does not undergo any marked change postmortem. The hair of a wavy or curly individual remains curly or wavy, and that of a straight-haired person remains straight. In mummies and desiccated bodies the hair has a tendency to be crisp and brittle, but this is the natural result of the drying-up of the selacecres glands, which during life, feed fatty matter into the hair follicles which keeps the hair supple and flexible...it seems to me very unlikely that any change in color would take place in a body which had never been exposed to the light,....To sum up then, all the evidence I have indicates that the nature of hair does not alter after death except in becoming dry and brittle.”
Excavated in the Tabasco jungle of Mexico, this pre-Columbian carving shows an example of the “Uncle Sam” type of bas-relief, vividly displaying Caucasian-like features with a flowing beard, clearly Semitic, as noted by Heyerdahl. In his Carta Segunda (1520), Cortez personally recorded the speech delivered to him by the Aztec emperor, Montezuma, after the Aztecs had anointed the Spaniards with blood from a human sacrifice: "We have known for a long time, by the writings handed down by our forefathers, that neither I nor any who inhabit this land are natives of it, but foreigners who came here from remote parts. We also know that we were led here by a ruler, whose subjects we all were, who returned to his country, and after a long time came here again and wished to take his people away."In his study of aboriginal American religions (1882, p. 140), D.G. Brinton comments: "Such was the extraordinary address with which the Spaniard, with his handful of men, was received by the most powerful war chief of the American continent. It confessed complete submission, without a struggle. But it was the expression of a general sentiment. When the Spanish ships for the first time reached the Mexican shores the natives kissed their sides and hailed the white and bearded strangers from the east as gods, sons and brothers of Quetzalcoatl, come back from their celestial home to claim their own on earth and bring again the days of Paradise; a hope, dryly observes Father Mendieta, which the poor Indians soon gave up when they came to feel the acts of their visitors."
http://whiteindians.com/politics.html
The Guanche Indians had lived in their Atlantic island paradise for several thousand years before their homeland was finally destroyed by Spanish conquistadores in the 15th century. Clear evidence of the Guanche language and culture is evident on both side of the Atlantic, and the Canary Islands and well known Canary Current are what carried Columbus to America in 33 days. One of America's leading spokesman on the subject of the colonization of the New World is Robert A. Williams, Professor of Law and American Indian studies and director of the indigenous peoples law & policy program at the University of Arizona. An enrolled member of the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina, Professor Williams is the author of The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest. (Oxford University Press, 1990), which received the Gustavus Meyers Human Rights Center Award as one of the outstanding books published in 1990 on the subject of prejudice in the United States. He mentions the Guanche Indians on 13 different pages of this work and recognizes the critical importance of their culture in relation to the native tribes in America, and how they were both severely impacted by the Spanish colonization.Edgar Rice Burroughs published his epic Tarzan of the Apes in 1912, and even though it was a fictionalized account of a white man and woman living in Africa, the legend of Tarzan has come to be a replacement for the legends that the ancient Greeks and Romans had about these Atlantic Island people that inhabited a place they called Nivaria (Tenerife), somewhere in the far west beyond the Pillars of Hercules, or Gibraltar. So by accident or design Burroughs had tapped into that Guanche theme, and Tarzan who lived in Africa, has come to be a fictionalized substitute for the Guanches, who lived on these African Islands for thousands of years. But the Guanches were not fiction like Tarzan. In fact their island culture was 100% sustainable and would still be flourishing and intact if the Spanish, Normans and French hadn't disrupted things there 500 years ago.
Indigenous people come in all colors, including white, and the Guanches are a kind of Darwinian image, or a missing link, metaphorically at least, between Stone-Age and civilized Western Man, and are not just human beings, they are supermen and superwomen in a Nietzschean sense, like Tarzan was. The word Tarzan, incidentally, means "white skin" in the Mangani Ape language according to Burroughs story, and Tarzan remains one of the few characters is all of literature to have actually become a word in the dictionary.
This native Russian girl lives a traditional nomadic lifestyle in the 21st century with her family, herding reindeer and sleeping inside this tipi-like dwelling as her forebears have for thousands of years, challenging all Hollywood stereotypes of tipi's as an exclusive American Indian habitation. Such "tipi's were most likely introduced to the American continent by Asiatic migrants from Siberia more than 10,000 years ago, while the Eurasian examples were their predecessors. The Eurasian Bison likewise came across this same land bridge and evolved into the animal we now recognize as the American Buffalo
Reindeer herd and native tipi-like dwellings in northern Russia.
Lapp herding tents like this one in Norway have been used for thousands of years in Scandinavia and serve as comfortable nomadic dwellings for local tribesmen. Reindeer hide are sometimes used in modern times, while in past centuries bison skin were preferred coverings, just like buffalo skins on the American plains.
This famous cave painting near Altamira, Spain was executed about 15,000 years ago, and depicts the European Steppe Bison, once found throughout Central Asia, Europe, Beringia and North America, and believed to have originated somewhere in south Asia. This art work is testimonial to the long historical connection between prehistoric European man and these huge magnificent animals.
Only the American Flag and The Bald Eagle symbolize America more than the Buffalo does, but this powerful animal has European cousins that are equally revered. This Cold War Russia postage stamp from 1969, depicts European Bison in a nationalistic pose of power and majesty, looking a whole lot like their American counterparts.
The common ancestors of these European bison in Poland (both images above) and their American cousin the buffalo, originated in Asia, somewhere north of India, migrating east and west their modern descendants still bear a strong resemblance to one another. Whatever symbolism the American buffalo represents to the world media audience is nothing more than a creation of someone's ethnocentric imagination. The European bison has played just as important of a role in European history and pre-history as the buffalo did in Native American culture.
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"For Native Hawaiians, a place
tells us who we are and who is our extended family. A place gives us our
history, the history of our clan, and the history of our ancestors. We are able
to look at a place and tie in human events that affect us and our loved ones. A
place gives us a feeling of stability and of belonging to our family--those
living and those who have passed on. A place gives us a sense of well-being,
and of acceptance of all who have experienced that place."
Edward
Kanahele, Introduction to
Ancient Sites of O'ahu: A Guide to Hawaiian Archaeological Places of Interest by
Van James (Honolulu:
Bishop Museum Press, 1991), ix-xiii.
In the United States of America the sun
first rises over the skies of Guam
in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and awakens its indigenous people, the
Chamorro. Guam was acquired as a spoil of war after the Spanish American War of
1898 and the Chamorro, native to the land, became Americans with no political
voice in the matter.
Similarly, Native Hawaiians, who have
called the Hawaiian Islands home for almost 2,000 years, became Americans at
the turn of the twentieth century without any declaration of war. The Islands
became a U.S. protectorate after the Kingdom of Hawai'i was overthrown,
principally by Americans. One fascinating reminder is 'Iolani
Palace, the home and symbol of the former sovereign of the Kingdom of
Hawai'i and the only royal residence in the United States. In addition, other
Pacific Islands such as the Federated States of Micronesia have long cultural
histories and historic and strategic ties to the United States.
There are now over one million people of
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian descent in the U.S. Together, Asian and
Pacific Americans make up approximately 6 percent of the U.S. population-more
than 20 million people-and those numbers are growing rapidly. Their ancestral
roots represent more than 50 percent of the world, extending from East Asia to
Southeast Asia, and from South Asia to the Pacific Islands. Their stories are
noteworthy and. as part of the nation's heritage, the historic sites that
reflect them are worthy of preservation and inclusion in the National Register
of Historic Places; some qualify for National Historic Landmark designation and
inclusion in the National Park system.
Indigenous peoples have been joined in the
American journey by intrepid explorers, maritime workers on ships plying the
oceans in the British Empire, and Filipino seamen landing in Mexico and the
Mexican Gulf when the Spanish Empire sent Manila Galleons between the
Philippines and Mexico, beginning in the 16th century. Filipinos have lived in
the New Orleans region since at least the 1800s. Chinese men were marrying Irish
women in New York City before that city had an established Chinatown
while others were working for the Hudson Bay Company in Washington and
Oregon, sending furs to China in exchange for tea and porcelain. This early to
mid-19th century trade with China created unprecedented wealth for
entrepreneurial ship owners and traders in Boston, New York City, and Newport,
Rhode Island. Chinese were recruited as strikebreakers in Lowell, Massachusetts
and one of them, Lue Gim Gong, eventually went to Florida and developed the
orange that revolutionized the juice industry. Native Hawaiians sent by
Christian missionaries in Hawai'i to be educated on the mainland went to
universities including Yale in Connecticut.
Asians and Pacific Islanders have also
served in the U.S. armed forces since the War of 1812 when America went to war
against Great Britain. They served throughout the 19th century at the Battle of
New Orleans in 1815, in the American Civil War in some of its most critical and
memorable battles, and in the Spanish American War. In the 20th century, Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders served in World War I, and during World War II
thousands of Japanese Americans volunteered for and were drafted into
segregated units, earning praise and over 20 Congressional Medals of Honor for
their heroism. Also during the war, Filipino Americans fought to expel Japanese
invaders from the Philippines and both Chinese Americans and Korean Americans
served with great distinction. And Asians and Pacific Islanders continue to
serve in the military today – including Congresswoman Tammy Duckworth from
Illinois who lost both legs in Iraq. Some, however, fought in different ways.
First Lieutenant Ehren Watada protested American actions in the Middle East and
was court-martialed for his act of conscience, refusing to deploy to Iraq when
ordered to do so in 2007. The proceedings eventually ended in a mistrial. Since
almost the beginning, even when denied citizenship and facing discrimination,
Asians and Pacific Islanders have been part of America's journey.
Major waves of immigration from Asia began
shortly after the discovery of gold in California in 1849. Soon thereafter the
Taiping Rebellion in China created massive death and dislocation; emigration to
earn money became an important element of survival for many Chinese who arrived
in the U.S. by the thousands in the 1850s and 1860s. About 20,000 Chinese
comprised most of the labor force for the Central
Pacific Railroad's portion of the first Transcontinental Railroad, which
began construction in Sacramento, California and blasted its way over and
through the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the dead of winter and over the
desert until it reached Promontory Summit in Utah where it joined the Union
Pacific Railroad to connect the two coasts in 1869. When the celebratory
photograph of the symbolic joining of the railroads with the "golden
spike" was taken at what is now the National Park Service-administered Golden
Spike National Historic Site, the Chinese workers were deliberately kept
out of the picture.
This anti-Chinese gesture was part of a
major racial movement which grew with the Depression of 1873-1879, giving rise
to vicious mob actions involving lynchings and expulsions. In short order, the
U.S. Congress was moved to pass the nation's first racial exclusion law, the
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, marking a specific group as undesirable, unable to
enter the country and, if already there, ineligible to become naturalized
citizens. That Act was made permanent in 1904. To fill the need for cheap
labor, several hundred thousand Japanese immigrated to Hawai'i largely as sugar
plantation workers and to
the mainland as migrant agricultural workers, railroad laborers, fishermen,
and miners. When anti-Japanese sentiment resulted in the Gentlemen's Agreement
of 1907-8, restricting laborers from immigrating to the U.S., a new wave of
Japanese women began arriving as "picture brides" whose families had
arranged marriages with Japanese bachelors in the U.S. This practice took
advantage of a section of the Agreement which allowed direct family members to
enter the country. By 1920, Japan faced increasing pressure from the U.S. and
agreed to prohibit these arrangements.
The Immigration Act of 1917, also known as
the Asiatic Barred Zone Act, designated much of Asia and the Pacific Islands as
areas from which people could not enter the U.S. – except Filipinos who, from
1906, were being recruited as cheap labor both in Hawai'i and on the mainland.
Employers could do so because the Philippines had been "acquired"
from Spain in 1898 after the Spanish American War and subdued as a U.S.
territory after nearly a decade of vicious fighting known as the Philippine
American War. As American nationals, Filipinos were free to be recruited and to
enter the U.S – until Congress voted, in 1936, to make the Philippines a
Commonwealth for a period of ten years and then grant independence. This action
came, however, with the proviso that only 50 Filipinos per year could enter the
U.S. and ended the ability of cheaper Philippine goods and labor from freely
entering the U.S. market. So, with modest revisions, the exclusion of Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders remained official American policy until the
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.
Because of the severity and length, nearly
a century, of the exclusion period, the immigration processing center on the
West Coast was very different from Ellis Island on the East Coast in New York
City. Where tens of millions of immigrants, most from Europe, passed under the
welcoming visage of the Statue of Liberty, the U.S.
Immigration Station on Angel Island in California was in place from 1910 to
1940 largely to detain people and discourage immigration. The Chinese were a
particular target especially once the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 had been
passed, extended, and then made permanent. One response by Chinese immigrants
was the invention of citizenship through assertion of birth. Any Chinese
immigrant who had been born in China to a father who was a U.S. citizen could
claim citizen status and would be allowed to enter the country. Immigrants
whose fathers were not U.S. citizens would buy papers identifying them as
children of male Chinese American citizens. Because official records were
almost non-existent, largely due to the disastrous earthquake and fire in San
Francisco in 1906, these "paper sons" and "paper daughters"
would go through an interrogation process at the U.S. Immigration Station and,
if they passed, would be allowed to enter the country as citizens. But the practice
soon alerted officials to suspect all entering Chinese and to devise devilishly
intricate questions to trick them into revealing the alleged fraud. This, in
turn, led to a substantial cottage industry of "coaching books" to be
memorized by those seeking entry. Would-be immigrants memorized such trivial
details as the number of windows in the rear bedroom facing east or the number
of stone steps in the walkway between the front door and the peach tree in the
yard. As a result, well-prepared paper sons and daughters succeeded in duping
immigration officials while some genuine children of real citizens were
deported. Indeed, while a wide variety of national groups entered the U.S. via
Angel Island, including Russians, Mexicans, Koreans, Japanese, and Chinese, the
most distinctive stories are of Chinese immigrants and the days, weeks, or
months of grueling interrogation they endured. Some of these experiences remain
as poems rendered in classical Chinese carved into the walls of Angel Island's
barracks. The national refusal to admit Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
on an equal basis with peoples from other regions of the globe lasted until
passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 which ended nearly a
full century of exclusion and restriction.
Early Asian Americans and Pacific Islander
communities included the dwindling numbers of Chinese and Chinese Americans who
famously created Chinatowns in cities such as San Francisco, Seattle,
Los Angeles, and New
York City as well as in a few rural towns such as Walnut
Grove, California, and in one instance they created a whole town – Locke,
California. There were Filipino groups as well, including those who
established communities largely comprised of bachelors. Much later, retired
Filipino farm workers created Paolo Agbayani Village in what is now The
Forty Acres National Historic Landmark, honoring Cesar Chavez and the
United Farm Workers Union.
Japanese immigrants experienced a different
path in the first decades of the 20th century largely because they were under
the protection of a growing military power. The Meiji regime in Japan,
established in 1868, soon extended its sphere of influence through territorial
expansion – Okinawa and Taiwan in the late 19th century; Korea and China in the
20th century, until the fateful clash with the U.S. in 1941. Japan's
"concern" for her subjects overseas included demands that Japanese
women be allowed to immigrate, so that families would develop and communities
would be formed. One result was the emergence of Japanese Americans as the
single largest ethnic group in Hawai'i as early as 1900. They were
significantly present on many of the sugar and pineapple plantations that
dotted the islands and were increasingly important urban dwellers in the
capital, Honolulu, as well as significant towns on neighbor islands.
Because most of the early Asian immigrants
arrived to join the labor force, issues dealing with the use and exploitation
of workers quickly rose to critical prominence. Indeed, the 1882 Chinese
Exclusion Act had been instigated by white unions and labor organizations which
alleged that the Chinese were undercutting white workers struggling for better
pay and working conditions. But in most cases, Asian
Americans and Pacific
Islander workers themselves sought better wages and conditions through
organization, negotiation, public relations, legal action, and work stoppage or
sabotage. The case of Asian workers on Hawaii's sugar and pineapple plantations
was a classic example.
The sugar industry took off in Hawai'i
after the American Civil War disrupted the shipment of Southern sugar to the
more industrialized North. A burgeoning pineapple sector added to the
plantation work force in the 1900s. Japanese immigrant labor formed the majority
of the plantation labor force, joined by small numbers of Koreans [along with
immigrants from Portugal, Puerto Rico, and a few, including European Americans
and African Americans, from the American mainland] and larger groups of
Filipinos. Until the arrival of organizers from the California-based
International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union [ILWU] in the 1930s, the
spontaneous uprisings and organized strikes on the plantations were largely
based on single ethnic/nationality bonds. These strikes were broken by planters
who temporarily hired workers from other groups until the perpetrators
surrendered.
Partly as a result of organizing work
during World War II, the ILWU began a series of successful negotiations and
strikes immediately after the war. By the end of the 1950s, Hawaii's plantation
labor was the highest paid agriculture work force in the world. Not
coincidentally, Hawaii's political order was fundamentally altered as workers
streamed into the Democratic Party ranks. This coalition of organized labor and
Democratic Party control extended from about 1960 and only began to dissipate
in the 21st century, a period of fifty years.
Asian Americans, particularly Filipinos,
were also active on the mainland in fighting for the rights of workers. The
Cannery Worker's and Farm Laborer's Union was formed in Seattle
in the 1930s to protect the rights of Filipinos working in the Alaskan salmon
canneries. In the late 1950s the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
(AWOC) was created to fight for farm workers' rights in California. Led by and
primarily made up of Filipinos, the AWOC went
on strike in 1965, against California grape growers. They were eventually
joined by Cesar Chavez and the National Farm Workers Association in the famous
Delano Grape Strike. The five-year strike was a major victory for farm laborers
and resulted in the merging of the two organizations into the United Farm
Workers, which became a major force in politics and civil and labor rights in
the U.S.
World War II was a turning point in global
history; it certainly marked vastly different social and political terrains for
Hawai'i and the U.S. One of the war's distinguishing ironies or contradictions
was the international crusade to liberate oppressed peoples and the domestic
imposition of concentration camp conditions on Japanese Americans.
Approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them American citizens,
were forcibly removed from their homes and businesses on the West Coast and
incarcerated in ten War Relocation Centers as well as dozens of other prisons,
internment camps, military prisons, and holding pens, including livestock
areas. In Hawai'i, only about 1,000 people of a total of nearly 160,000
Japanese Americans were incarcerated after individual hearings, but none of
them, in Hawai'i or on the mainland, was ever accused or charged with any
wrongdoing or tried or convicted of any crime against the U.S. On August 10,
1988, nearly one-half century later, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation
to apologize for this unconstitutional action and to provide $20,000 in
reparations to more than 80,000 surviving Japanese Americans who had been
incarcerated during the war.
World War II also witnessed the formal end
of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1943, Congress allowed current Chinese
residents to apply for naturalization and permitted an annual total of 105
Chinese to enter the country – although unlike other "nationality"
groups, that quota was applied to all Chinese entering from any country, not
just from China. Shortly after the war ended, Filipinos and Asian Indians were
allowed to naturalize as well. Later, in 1952, after the Treaty of Peace with
Japan was signed by the U.S., Japan, and other Allied nations, Japanese
Americans could also become naturalized. But it was the momentous Immigration
Act of 1965 which forever changed the immigration dynamic, allowing Asians and
Pacific Islanders to immigrate under the same conditions as aspirants from
other parts of the globe. Today, the Asian American population in the U.S. is
rising at a faster rate than any other "racial" group in the country.
America's war in Southeast Asia, notably in
Vietnam but also in Laos and Cambodia stretching from the early 1960s until
defeat and withdrawal in 1975, produced a long stream of refugees – including
many who had fought for the U.S. or who had supported the effort and others who
had been impoverished by the cruelties of that devastating conflict. Some were
multi-lingual scholars who had been trained under French colonial regimes,
others were doctors and other professionals who fled Communist rule. From Laos
came not only Laotians like General Vang Pao who had commanded his troops under
illegal CIA instructions but also the Hmong peoples, largely illiterate, who
had assisted the war from beyond the Vietnamese borders.
In today's America, Asian Americans and
Pacific Islanders occupy a set of widely diverse and deeply complex niches.
There are pockets of intense poverty and social dislocation, but there are
successive Asian Indian American winners of national spelling contests and
wildly successful entrepreneurs like Amar Bose, founder of the Bose Corporation
and Vera Wang, noted American fashion designer. Asian Americans and Pacific
Islanders influence local and national elections and threaten to overwhelm
admissions statistics for elite universities. But they are still subject to
racial profiling, sometimes in the form of Sikhs with turbans or dark—skinned
South Asians vilified as "terrorists." In this context, it is helpful
to recall that the first person of Asian descent to be elected to the U.S.
Congress was Dalip Singh Saund, an Asian Indian, from the State of California
in 1954. In an age when it is more common to see Asian Americans and Pacific
Islanders for what they actually are—Americans of all walks of life—it is time
to recognize and preserve more historic sites which tell their stories
When the sun finally sets on U.S.
territory, its last rays diminish as the horizon darkens over American
Samoa in the Pacific Ocean, just on the other side of the International
Date Line from Guam. On the American mainland in North America, a host of
historic places awaits listing in the National Register of Historic Places and
some should be designated as National Historic Landmarks or become National
Parks, to educate visitors and others through the rich stories they can tell
about the histories of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and their roles in
the making of the nation.
Franklin Odo, Ph.D. is the former
director of the Asian Pacific American Center at the Smithsonian Institution.
Dr. Odo has served as a member of the Landmarks Committee of the National Park
System Advisory Board and is now assisting the National Park Service in
overseeing the development of an Asian American and Pacific Islander Theme
Study. Dr. Odo is the author of No Sword to Bury: Japanese Americans in Hawai'i
During World War II and Voices from the Canefields: Folksongs from Japanese
Immigrant Workers in Hawai'i.
Select Bibliography
Azuma, Eiichiro. Between Two Empires:
Race, History and Transnationalism in Japanese America. NY: Oxford
University Press, 2005.
Chan, Sucheng. Asian Americans: An
Interpretative History. Boston: Twayne, 1991.
Choy, Catherine Ceniza. Empire of Care:
Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History. Durham: Duke University
Press, 2003.
Coffman, Tom. Catch a Wave: A Case Study
of Hawaii's New Politics. The University of Hawaii Press, 1972.
Daniels, Roger. Asian America: Chinese
and Japanese in America Since 1850. Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 1988.
Fujita-Rony, Dorothy. American Workers,
Colonial Power: Philippine Seattle and the Transpacific West. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2003.
Hsu, Madeline. Dreaming of Gold,
Dreaming of Home: Transnationalism and Migration between the United States and
South China, 1882-1943. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Ichioka, Yuji. The Issei: The World of
the First Generation Japanese Immigrants, 1885-1924. New York: Free Press,
1988.
Jung, Moon-Ho. Coolies and Cane: Labor
and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2006.
Jung, Moon-Kie. Reworking Race: The
Making of Hawaii's Interracial Labor Movement. New York: Columbia
University Press, 2006.
Lee, Erika and Judy Yung. Angel Island:
Immigrant Gateway to America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Lee, Robert. Orientals: Asian Americans
in Popular Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999.
Lee, Shelley. A New History of Asian
America. London: Routledge, 2014.
Maeda, Daryl. Rethinking the Asian
American Movement. London: Routledge, 2011.
McGregor, Davianna. Na Kua'aina: Living
Hawaiian Culture. Honolulu: The University of Hawai'i Press, 2007.
Ngai, Mae. Impossible Subjects: Illegal
Aliens and the Making of Modern America. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2004.
Okihiro, Gary. Margins and Mainstreams:
Asians in American History and Culture. Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 1994
Prashad, Vijay. The Karma of Brown Folk.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Robinson, Greg. A Tragedy of Democracy:
Japanese Confinement in North America. New York: Columbia University Press,
2009.
Shah, Nayan. Contagious Divides:
Epidemics and Race in San Francisco's Chinatown. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 2001.
Tchen, John. New York Before Chinatown:
Orientalism and the Shaping of American Culture. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2001.
Yuh, Ji-Yeon. Beyond the Shadow of
Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America. New York: New York University
Press, 2002.
Zalburg, Sanford. A Spark is Struck:
Jack Hall and the ILWU in Hawaii. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii,
1979.
Zia, Helen. Asian American Dreams: The
Emergence of an American People. New York; Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux,
2000.
Alaska
American
Samoa Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
District
of Columbia Federated
States of Micronesia Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Michigan
Montana
Nevada
New
York Oregon
Pennsylvania
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
- Bodie Historic District
- Hakone Historic District
- Harada House
- Isleton Chinese and Japanese Commercial Districts
- Little Tokyo Historic District
- Locke Historic District
- Manzanar National Historic Site
- Niles Canyon Transcontinental Railroad Historic District
- Presidio of San Francisco
- Sailing Ship Balclutha
- Star of India
- The Forty Acres
- Tule Lake Segregation Center
- U.S. Immigration Station, Angel Island
- Walnut Grove Chinese Historic District
- Walnut Grove Japanese American Historic District
- Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail
- Chinatown Historic District (Honolulu)
- Cook Landing Site
- Haleakala National Park
- Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park
- Hokukano-Ualapue Complex
- Huilua Fishpond
- 'Iolani Palace
- Kalaupapa National Historical Park
- Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park
- Kamakahonu
- Kaunolu Village Site
- Kawaiaha'o Church and Mission Houses
- Keauhou Holua Slide
- Lahaina Historic District
- Loaloa Heiau
- Mauna Kea Adz Quarry
- Mo'okini Heiau
- Old Sugar Mill of Koloa
- Pi'ilanihale Heiau
- Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park
- Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site
- Pu'u o Mahuka Heiau
- Russian Fort
- South Point Complex
- Wailua Complex of Heiaus
- Washington Place
- Bainbridge Island Japanese American Exclusion Memorial
- Panama Hotel
- Seattle Chinatown Historic District
- Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience
return to top
https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/asian_american_and_pacific_islander_heritage/text_only.htm
------------------
Healing Racism
The Color
Complex
: The
Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium
.
Russell, Kathy. 1993. (African American Issues)
A provocative
exploration of how Western standards of
beauty
influence cultures across the globe and impact personal, professional, romantic
and familial relationships. Processes like skin lightening in India, hair
smoothing in Black America, eyelid reconstruction in China, and plastic surgery
worldwide continue to rise in popularity for men and women facing
discrimination.
The
authors have measured the impact of recent pop culture events effecting race
relations to determine whether colorism has gotten bett
er or
worse over time.
–
June 30,
2015 version(original version from Fairfax County Department of Family Services)
https://www.healingracismpv.org/files/4514/3637/2309/HealingRacismLibraryResources_for_website.pdf
----------------
Being Indian in Kenya Feels Like ‘Having An Abusive Lover’
http://sahanjournal.com/indian-kenya-feels-like-abusive-lover/
-----------------
www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/South-Africa.html
Culture of South Africa - history,
people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, ... After the
establishment of the first colonial outpost of the Dutch East India ...
with the black African, mixed-race ("Coloured"), and Indian
and Pakistani ("Asian" ) ..... chiefly "tribal
trust" land tenure were preserved, and even in white rural
areas, ...
http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/South-Africa.html
-------------
blog:
CANADA HISTORY OF WHITE SLAVERY/USA/EUROPE- WHITE SERVITUDE (Indentured Servant)...Iran's vicious cruelty (SHAME ON USA) against citizen.... NEDAS..... black Muslim slavery/ Jon Stewart's Rosewater and why it matters... AND THEN THEY CAME 4 ME.....Baha'i-To Light A Candle- and Education is NOT a Crime....#1BRising- why we are still here- Zahra Kazemi, Canadian Iranian Journalist raped, tortured beaten 2 death 4 taking pictures of Evin Prison/#Free Rafi- Saudi Arabia / Mohamed Nadel Fahmy- Canadian Egyptian (bring him home 2 Canada now/ so tired of global politicans (all) selling humanity's soul at the cost of our troops and everyday folks 4 UN $$$greed and war/EDWARD SNOWDEN WINS AN OSCAR
http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/02/canada-history-and-white-slavery-white.html
