The Irish Slave Trade – The Forgotten “White” Slaves The Slaves That Time Forgot.
They came as slaves; vast human cargo transported on tall British ships bound for the Americas. They were shipped by the hundreds of thousands and included men, women, and even the youngest of children. Whenever they rebelled or even disobeyed an order, they were punished in the harshest ways. Slave owners would hang their human property by their hands and set their hands or feet on fire as one form of punishment.
They were burned alive and had their heads placed on pikes in the marketplace as a warning to other captives. We don’t really need to go through all of the gory details, do we? We know all too well the atrocities of the African slave trade. But, are we talking about African slavery? King James II and Charles I also led a continued effort to enslave the Irish. Britain’s famed Oliver Cromwell furthered this practice of dehumanizing one’s next door neighbor. The Irish slave trade began when James II sold 30,000 Irish prisoners as slaves to the New World. His Proclamation of 1625 required Irish political prisoners be sent overseas and sold to English settlers in the West Indies.
By the mid 1600s, the Irish were the main slaves sold to Antigua and Montserrat. At that time, 70% of the total population of Montserrat were Irish slaves. Ireland quickly became the biggest source of human livestock for English merchants. The majority of the early slaves to the New World were actually white. From 1641 to 1652, over 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and another 300,000 were sold as slaves. Ireland’s population fell from about 1,500,000 to 600,000 in one single decade. Families were ripped apart as the British did not allow Irish dads to take their wives and children with them across the Atlantic. This led to a helpless population of homeless women and children. Britain’s solution was to auction them off as well. During the 1650s, over 100,000 Irish children between the ages of 10 and 14 were taken from their parents and sold as slaves in the West Indies, Virginia and New England. In this decade, 52,000 Irish (mostly women and children) were sold to Barbados and Virginia. Another 30,000 Irish men and women were also transported and sold to the highest bidder. In 1656, Cromwell ordered that 2000 Irish children be taken to Jamaica and sold as slaves to English settlers. Many people today will avoid calling the Irish slaves what they truly were: Slaves. They’ll come up with terms like “Indentured Servants” to describe what occurred to the Irish.
However, in most cases from the 17th and 18th centuries, Irish slaves were nothing more than human cattle. As an example, the African slave trade was just beginning during this same period. It is well recorded that African slaves, not tainted with the stain of the hated Catholic theology and more expensive to purchase, were often treated far better than their Irish counterparts. African slaves were very expensive during the late 1600s (50 Sterling). Irish slaves came cheap (no more than 5 Sterling). If a planter whipped or branded or beat an Irish slave to death, it was never a crime. A death was a monetary setback, but far cheaper than killing a more expensive African.
The English masters quickly began breeding the Irish women for both their own personal pleasure and for greater profit. Children of slaves were themselves slaves, which increased the size of the master’s free workforce. Even if an Irish woman somehow obtained her freedom, her kids would remain slaves of her master. Thus, Irish moms, even with this new found emancipation, would seldom abandon their kids and would remain in servitude. In time, the English thought of a better way to use these women (in many cases, girls as young as 12) to increase their market share: The settlers began to breed Irish women and girls with African men to produce slaves with a distinct complexion.
These new “mulatto” slaves brought a higher price than Irish livestock and, likewise, enabled the settlers to save money rather than purchase new African slaves. This practice of interbreeding Irish females with African men went on for several decades and was so widespread that, in 1681, legislation was passed “forbidding the practice of mating Irish slave women to African slave men for the purpose of producing slaves for sale.” In short, it was stopped only because it interfered with the profits of a large slave transport company. England continued to ship tens of thousands of Irish slaves for more than a century. Records state that, after the 1798 Irish Rebellion, thousands of Irish slaves were sold to both America and Australia.
There were horrible abuses of both African and Irish captives. One British ship even dumped 1,302 slaves into the Atlantic Ocean so that the crew would have plenty of food to eat. There is little question that the Irish experienced the horrors of slavery as much (if not more in the 17th Century) as the Africans did. There is, also, very little question that those brown, tanned faces you witness in your travels to the West Indies are very likely a combination of African and Irish ancestry. In 1839, Britain finally decided on it’s own to end it’s participation in Satan’s highway to hell and stopped transporting slaves. While their decision did not stop pirates from doing what they desired, the new law slowly concluded THIS chapter of nightmarish Irish misery.
But, if anyone, black or white, believes that slavery was only an African experience, then they’ve got it completely wrong. Irish slavery is a subject worth remembering, not erasing from our memories. But, where has this ever been taught in our public (and PRIVATE) schools???? Where are stories of Irish Slavery in the history books? Why is it so seldom discussed? Do the memories of hundreds of thousands of Irish victims merit more than a mention from an unknown writer? Or is their story to be one that their English pirates intended: have the Irish story utterly and completely disappear as if it never happened. None of the Irish victims ever made it back to their homeland to describe their ordeal.
These are the lost slaves; the ones that time and biased history books-conveniently forgot-By John Martin
They came as slaves; vast human cargo transported on tall British ships bound for the Americas. They were shipped by the hundreds of thousands and included men, women, and even the youngest of children. Whenever they rebelled or even disobeyed an order, they were punished in the harshest ways. Slave owners would hang their human property by their hands and set their hands or feet on fire as one form of punishment.
They were burned alive and had their heads placed on pikes in the marketplace as a warning to other captives. We don’t really need to go through all of the gory details, do we? We know all too well the atrocities of the African slave trade. But, are we talking about African slavery? King James II and Charles I also led a continued effort to enslave the Irish. Britain’s famed Oliver Cromwell furthered this practice of dehumanizing one’s next door neighbor. The Irish slave trade began when James II sold 30,000 Irish prisoners as slaves to the New World. His Proclamation of 1625 required Irish political prisoners be sent overseas and sold to English settlers in the West Indies.
By the mid 1600s, the Irish were the main slaves sold to Antigua and Montserrat. At that time, 70% of the total population of Montserrat were Irish slaves. Ireland quickly became the biggest source of human livestock for English merchants. The majority of the early slaves to the New World were actually white. From 1641 to 1652, over 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and another 300,000 were sold as slaves. Ireland’s population fell from about 1,500,000 to 600,000 in one single decade. Families were ripped apart as the British did not allow Irish dads to take their wives and children with them across the Atlantic. This led to a helpless population of homeless women and children. Britain’s solution was to auction them off as well. During the 1650s, over 100,000 Irish children between the ages of 10 and 14 were taken from their parents and sold as slaves in the West Indies, Virginia and New England. In this decade, 52,000 Irish (mostly women and children) were sold to Barbados and Virginia. Another 30,000 Irish men and women were also transported and sold to the highest bidder. In 1656, Cromwell ordered that 2000 Irish children be taken to Jamaica and sold as slaves to English settlers. Many people today will avoid calling the Irish slaves what they truly were: Slaves. They’ll come up with terms like “Indentured Servants” to describe what occurred to the Irish.
However, in most cases from the 17th and 18th centuries, Irish slaves were nothing more than human cattle. As an example, the African slave trade was just beginning during this same period. It is well recorded that African slaves, not tainted with the stain of the hated Catholic theology and more expensive to purchase, were often treated far better than their Irish counterparts. African slaves were very expensive during the late 1600s (50 Sterling). Irish slaves came cheap (no more than 5 Sterling). If a planter whipped or branded or beat an Irish slave to death, it was never a crime. A death was a monetary setback, but far cheaper than killing a more expensive African.
The English masters quickly began breeding the Irish women for both their own personal pleasure and for greater profit. Children of slaves were themselves slaves, which increased the size of the master’s free workforce. Even if an Irish woman somehow obtained her freedom, her kids would remain slaves of her master. Thus, Irish moms, even with this new found emancipation, would seldom abandon their kids and would remain in servitude. In time, the English thought of a better way to use these women (in many cases, girls as young as 12) to increase their market share: The settlers began to breed Irish women and girls with African men to produce slaves with a distinct complexion.
These new “mulatto” slaves brought a higher price than Irish livestock and, likewise, enabled the settlers to save money rather than purchase new African slaves. This practice of interbreeding Irish females with African men went on for several decades and was so widespread that, in 1681, legislation was passed “forbidding the practice of mating Irish slave women to African slave men for the purpose of producing slaves for sale.” In short, it was stopped only because it interfered with the profits of a large slave transport company. England continued to ship tens of thousands of Irish slaves for more than a century. Records state that, after the 1798 Irish Rebellion, thousands of Irish slaves were sold to both America and Australia.
There were horrible abuses of both African and Irish captives. One British ship even dumped 1,302 slaves into the Atlantic Ocean so that the crew would have plenty of food to eat. There is little question that the Irish experienced the horrors of slavery as much (if not more in the 17th Century) as the Africans did. There is, also, very little question that those brown, tanned faces you witness in your travels to the West Indies are very likely a combination of African and Irish ancestry. In 1839, Britain finally decided on it’s own to end it’s participation in Satan’s highway to hell and stopped transporting slaves. While their decision did not stop pirates from doing what they desired, the new law slowly concluded THIS chapter of nightmarish Irish misery.
But, if anyone, black or white, believes that slavery was only an African experience, then they’ve got it completely wrong. Irish slavery is a subject worth remembering, not erasing from our memories. But, where has this ever been taught in our public (and PRIVATE) schools???? Where are stories of Irish Slavery in the history books? Why is it so seldom discussed? Do the memories of hundreds of thousands of Irish victims merit more than a mention from an unknown writer? Or is their story to be one that their English pirates intended: have the Irish story utterly and completely disappear as if it never happened. None of the Irish victims ever made it back to their homeland to describe their ordeal.
These are the lost slaves; the ones that time and biased history books-conveniently forgot-By John Martin
--------------
CANADA HISTORY AND WHITE
SLAVERY- WHITE SERVITUDE (Indentured Servant)...Iran's
vicious cruelty (SHAME ON USA) against citizen.... NEDAS..... black Muslim
slavery/ Jon Stewart's Rosewater and why it matters... AND THEN THEY CAME 4
ME.....Baha'i-To Light A Candle- and Education is NOT a Crime....#1BRising- why
we are still here- Zahra Kazemi,
Canadian Iranian Journalist raped, tortured beaten 2 death 4 taking pictures of
Evin Prison/#Free Rafi- Saudi Arabia / Mohamed Nadel Fahmy- Canadian Egyptian
(bring him home 2 Canada now/ so tired of global politicans (all) selling
humanity's soul at the cost of our troops and everyday folks 4 UN $$$greed and
war/EDWARD SNOWDEN WINS AN OSCAR
------------
#FreeRafi
FOR OUR NEDAS.... FOR RAFI... FOR Mohamed
Fadel Fahmy, and 4me WHEN IT BEGAN...
1BRising- why we are still here-
Zahra Kazemi, Canadian Iranian Journalist raped, tortured beaten 2 death
4 taking pictures of Evin Prison/#
BLOGGED:
CANADA MILITARY NEWS: ALJAZEERA-Feb. 20/15- Fahmy hijacked by Al-Jazeera and Egypt -#FreeMohamedFahmy / June 24 -Lesson 101 for everyday folks on the aggressive often blurring of the truth – if there is any truth/Religious interference … along with the MISCONCEPTION by USA/UNITED NATIONS that Western Democracy is the be all end all FORCED upon a global peoples of different, beautiful cultures and values- ALJAZEERA and 4-12 Journalists were doing and acting in the wrong way at the changing of the tides – and they are the tokens…. it seems…. /DIFFERENCES IN MUSLIM/ISLAM FAITHS AND HOLY WARS- QATAR/IRAN/SAUDIS- it’s all about them- QATAR WITH MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD- TROUNCING ON EGYPT AND HIJACKING YOUTH FREEDOM WITH THEIR JOURNALISTS IS A HARD PRICE- NOW A FORMER EGYPTIAN (PRETEND CANADIAN...WHO HAS NOT HONOURED CANADA OR OUR NATION 4 YEARS WANTS 2 COME HOME...EVEN FM JOHN BAIRD INTERVENED).... journalists need 2 do their jobs... period. That’s the lesson here. QATAR AL-JAZEERA (who refused 2 step up 4 je suis Charlie....) totally interfered in Egypt’s business.... totally... and everyday folk know it...
-----
Where it began 4 me...
Canadian journalist 'beaten to death'
Wednesday, 16 July, 2003,
11:05 GMT 12:05 UK
Iran
has acknowledged that a Canadian-Iranian photojournalist was beaten to death
after her arrest outside a prison in Tehran.
Vice
President Ali Abtahi said Zahra Kazemi died "of a brain haemorrhage
resulting from beatings".
Ms
Kazemi, 54, was detained on 23 June for taking pictures of Tehran's Evin
prison. She was later pronounced dead after falling into a coma
But
officials in Tehran are still refusing to allow Canada to conduct its own
investigation into the photographer's death.
"We
are knowledgeable enough to examine the body and find out the cause of her
death, so we will not allow foreign teams to investigate," Health
Minister Massoud Pezeshkian told the AFP news agency.
He
agreed that Ms Kazemi's cause of death was a brain haemorrhage, but said the
investigation was ongoing.
"I
examined the body myself and there were no bruises or cuts of the face,"
Mr Pezeshkian said.
"We
are going to examine the corpse again and I will view the report, and I have
appointed a medical team to look into this case."
Strained
relations
The
Iranian authorities initially said Ms Kazemi had died of a stroke after
falling ill during her first police interview.
Her
relatives insisted she had been tortured and beaten into a coma by her
interrogators.
Iran's President
Mohammad Khatami ordered four ministers to investigate the death of the
freelance photographer.
Relations
between Tehran and Ottawa have become strained over the case.
Canadian
deputy prime minister John Manley said on Monday that bilateral relations
would be damaged if Ms Kazemi's body was not returned.
But
Iran's Interior Minister Abdolvahed Moussavi-Lari said Ms Kazemi's death had
nothing to do with Canada "since she is an Iranian citizen."
Ms
Kazemi, who held an Iranian passport, was in Tehran to take pictures of the
recent student protests for the British agency Camera Press.
Her
son, Stephan Hachemi, 26, has demanded that her body be returned to Canada
for an independent autopsy.
Mr
Manley said Ms Kazemi's death had become "a very serious issue".
"We
believe the family, of course, deserves a full explanation for what
happened," he said.
"The
body should be returned."
|
||||||
BEST COMMENT: So sad what Iran has become. That goes for
other Middle Eastern countries as well. Everything's gone to shit.
4 NEDA- CANADA- Blurred Vision - Another Brick In The Wall (Hey Ayatollah, Leave Those Kids Alone!) 539,538 Hits
------------------
Documentary on Baha'i
persecution in Iran to screen in Wolfville because 'Education is Not a Crime
February 24, 2015
Kentville, Nova Scotia
Published on February 20, 2015
WOLFVILLE - A special film presentation of Maziar Bahari’s documentary To
Light a Candle taking place on Feb. 27 at 7 p.m. in the Al Whittle Theatre
in Wolfville.
© Contributed
An inspiring documentary film about religious persecution in Iran will be
screened on Friday, Feb. 27 at the Al Whittle Theatre in Wolfville.The screening is free and a discussion will follow the film with Nemat Sohbani, an Iranian Baha'i now living in Halifax. He will be on hand to answer questions about religious freedom.
This event is part of a global same day event of simultaneous screenings for the campaign "Education is Not a Crime." This campaign is organized by Maziar Bahari whose imprisonment in Iran is featured in a major motion picture, Rosewater, produced by Jon Stewart.
Maziar is not a Baha'i, but his documentary was inspired by the resilience of the Iranian Baha’i community in the face of unrelenting persecution. It calls attention to the denial of education to the Baha'i youth. The film also seeks to demonstrate the support that exists around the world for Iran’s Bahá’ís.
Canning-area resident Bev Bliss Bev Bliss has organized the screening on behalf of the Spiritual Assembly of Baha’i in Kings County.
Iran’s government stops Baha’is from teaching or studying at public universities, she said, but they do teach and they do study.
The Baha’i Institute for Higher Education (BIHE) was established in 1987 as an informal university to give young Baha’is a chance to learn. The BIHE followed a tradition of Baha’i educational initiatives that dates back to the 19th century – when the Baha’is opened some of Iran’s first modern schools.
The Baha’is are Iran’s largest religious minority. More than 200 Baha’is were executed between 1979 and 1987, after the Islamic revolution, and over 100 Baha’is are currently imprisoned because of their faith. The community was also periodically persecuted in the decades before the revolution. Baha’is today are still routinely harassed, denied livelihoods, arrested, and jailed on false charges.
The story of this is the subject of the film produced by the Iranian-Canadian filmmaker Maziar Bahari. The film uses personal stories and dramatic archival footage to explore the persecution of the Baha’is and the role of their peaceful resistance in Iran’s democratic movement.
To Light a Candle was just the beginning. A new campaign, Education is Not a Crime, features voices of support for Iran’s Baha’is from around the world. Educationisnotacrime.me is the nucleus of the campaign.
More about the campaign can be found here.
Read more from the Baha'i on the situation in Iran.
To Light a Candle - trailer for a film by Maziar Bahari
--------------------
Rosewater TRAILER 1 (2014) - Gael García Bernal, Jon Stewart Drama HD
Storyline
Reporter Maziar Bahari is accused of being a spy and
imprisoned by the Iranian government shortly after a "Daily Show"
correspondent interviews him in Iran in 2009. He spends the next three months
in Iran’s most notorious prison, enduring brutal interrogation sessions at the
hands of a man he knows only by his smell: Rosewater. Bahari later reveals he
was not imprisoned because of the TV show interview, but because his captors
wanted an excuse to lock him up.
Movie Info
Rosewater is based on The New York Times best-selling
memoir "Then They Came for Me: A Family's Story of Love, Captivity, and
Survival," written by Maziar Bahari. The film marks the directorial debut
of "The Daily Show" host Jon Stewart, and stars Gael García Bernal.
Rosewater follows the Tehran-born Bahari, a broadcast journalist with Canadian
citizenship. In June 2009, Bahari returned to Iran to interview Mir-Hossein
Mousavi, who was the prime challenger to president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. As … More
Adaptation of the 2011 book "And Then They Came for
Me: A Family's Story of Love, Captivity and Survival" by Maziar Bahari and
Aimee Molloy. True story.
Rating:
R (for language including some
crude references, and violent content)
Genre:Drama
Directed By:Jon Stewart
Written By:Jon Stewart
In Theaters:Nov 14, 2014 Limited
On DVD:Feb 10, 2015
Runtime:1 hr. 43 min.
Open Road Films - Official Site
12/12 Arts United 4 Iran - NEDA- We have not forgotten
--- ----------------------
IRANIAN EYES-
----------------------
BLOGGED:
CANADA MILITARY NEWS: African Muslims - Slave Trade by Arab Muslims - over 1,000 years- it's time 2 stop it- videos- photos- proof... SHAME
WHITE SLAVERY- NORTH AMERICAS-
Indenture contract signed with an X by Henry Meyer in 1737
FACT: In 2010 , the British
government apologized for an ugly chapter of its history (between 1833 and
1948) that saw 100,000 impoverished children sent to Canada to work on farms
through the child migrant program.
Indentured servants -- slaves -- working the plantations in South Carolina
WHITE SLAVES AND INDENTURED
SERVANTS- (same thing) - my mother's family (German) came 2 Canada as Indentured
servants in 1734 to Lunenburg County Nova Scotia.... supposedly working 4 seven
years 4 master then getting their own land... which never happened 4 almost 100
years..... it's an ugly story... and it needs telling....
Indentured
servant
Indentured
servitude
was a labor system whereby young people paid for their passage to the New World
by working for an employer for a certain number of years. It was widely
employed in the 18th century in the British colonies in North
America and elsewhere. It was especially used as a way for poor youth in
Britain and the German states to get passage to the American colonies. They
would work for a fixed number of years, then be free to work on their own. The
employer purchased the indenture from the sea captain who brought the youths
over; he did so because he needed labour. Some worked as farmers or helpers for
farm wives, some were apprenticed to craftsmen. Both sides were legally
obligated to meet the terms, which were enforced by local American courts.
Runaways were sought out and returned. About half of the white immigrants to
the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries were indentured. During
the late 17th and early 18th centuries poor children from England and France
were kidnapped and sold into indentured labor in the Caribbean for a minimum of
five years, but most times their contracts were bought and sold repeatedly and
some laborers never attained their freedom.[1]
---------------
Irish Slave Facts
The
Irish slave trade began when James II sold 30,000 Irish prisoners as slaves
to the New World. His Proclamation of 1625 required Irish political
prisoners be sent overseas and sold to English settlers in the West Indies.
By
the mid 1600s, the Irish were the main slaves sold to Antigua and
Montserrat (70% of the total population of Montserrat were Irish slaves at this
time).
From
1641 to 1652, over 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and over
300,000 were sold as slaves.
Ireland's
population fell from about 1,500,000 to 600,000 in one single decade.
During
the 1650s, over 100,000 Irish children between the ages of 10 and
14 were forcibly taken from their parents and sold as slaves in the West
Indies, Virginia and New England. Another 52,000 Irish (mostly women and
children) were sold to Barbados and Virginia while 30,000 Irish men
were sold to the highest bidder.
In 1656,
Oliver Cromwell ordered that 2000 Irish children be taken to Jamaica and
sold as slaves to English settlers.
African
slaves
were very expensive (50 Sterling), had to be transported long distances and
paid for not only in Africa but in the New World. Irish slaves were cheap (no
more than 5 Sterling) and most often were either kidnapped from Ireland,
prisoners or forcibly removed. They could be worked to death, whipped or
branded without it being a crime. Many, many times they were beat to death and
while the death of an Irish slave was a monetary setback, it was far cheaper
than the death of an expensive African. Therefore, African slaves were treated
much better in Colonial America.
The
importation of Irish slaves continued well into the eighteenth century, long
after the importation of African slaves became the norm. Records state that after
the 1798 Irish Rebellion, thousands of Irish slaves were sold to both
America and Australia.
Irish
slavery didn't end until Britain decided to end slavery in 1839 and
stopped transporting slaves.
The enactment of 1652 in the British
Isles:
"it
may be lawful for two or more justices of the peace within any county, citty or
towne, corporate belonging to the commonwealth to from tyme to tyme by warrant
cause to be apprehended, seized on and detained all and every person or persons
that shall be found begging and vagrant.. in any towne, parish or place to be
conveyed into the Port of London, or unto any other port from where such person
or persons may be shipped into a forraign collonie or plantation."
The
judges of Edinburgh Scotland during the years 1662-1665 ordered the
enslavement and shipment to the colonies a large number of rogues and
others who made life unpleasant for the British upper class. (Register
for the Privy Council of Scotland, third series, vol. 1, p 181, vol. 2, p 101).
White children enslaved in a mine in 19th century England. The two on the left are virtually naked. Children of both sexes worked in this mannerchildminers
White
slaves were owned by Negroes and Indians to such an extent in the South that
the Virginia Assembly passed a law against the practice!
"It is enacted that noe negro or Indian though baptized and
enjoyned their owne ffreedome shall be capable of any such purchase of
christians..."
Christians meant Whites
Statutes of the Virginia Assembly, Vol. 2, pp. 280-81)
Statutes of the Virginia Assembly, Vol. 2, pp. 280-81)
White Christians were sold on the auction block, in chains
White Christians had their teeth checked and their muscles probed,
like cattle
White Christians were stripped naked for all the world to see
White Christian families were split apart
These horrific deeds did not just happen to Africans
These
horrific deeds happened to White Christian slaves to satisfy the "need for
labor" on the plantations and in the factories of the elite, White and
black
It's estimated that in the colonial period of the United States, up
to the Revolutionary war, at least half (some say two thirds) of all the Whites
that entered Colonial America were slaves
Some
say that the Blacks were slaves, the Whites were servants. Historical documents
proves this to be false
In the original documents of the White merchants who transported
negroes from Africa for the slave markets the Blacks were called servants
"...one notes that the Company of Royal Adventurers referred to
their cargo as 'Negers,' 'Negro-servants,' 'servants...from Africa..."
--------------
Slavery
was not racist
Slavery
was classist
Slavery
was economic
In the 1600s slaves of both races were called servants
Elite
Whites, and some blacks, would enslave whoever they could get, regardless of
race
Notice
this advertisement includes negro, Indian and a "fresh complexion
servant" who has run away
-------------
As
late as 1669 those who had large scale plantations were manning them with White
slaves, not negroes
That's the way it was done in the mother country, Great Britain!
In
1670 the Governor of Virginia said that he had 2000 Negro and 6000 White slaves
Hundreds of thousands of Whites in colonial America were owned
outright by their masters and died in slavery
Even
the blacks knew this. If they were made to work too hard they accused their
masters of
"treating them like the Irish"
The Forgotten Slaves: Whites in
Servitude in Early America and Industrial Britain
White children enslaved in a mine in
19th century England. The two on the left are virtually naked. Children of both
sexes worked in this manner
The wealthy, educated White elite in
America are the sick heirs of what Charles Dickens in Bleak House termed
"telescopic philanthropy"--the concern for the condition of distant
peoples while the plight of kindred in one's own backyard are ignored.
Today much of what we see on "Turner
Television" and Pat Robertson's misnamed "Family Channel," are
TV films depicting Blacks in chains, Blacks being whipped, Blacks oppressed. Nowhere
can we find a cinematic chronicle of the Whites who were beaten and killed in
White slavery. Four-fifths of the White slaves
sent to Britain's sugar colonies in the West Indies did not survive their first
year.
Soldiers in the American Revolution and
sailors impressed into the American navy received upwards of two hundred
whiplashes for minor infractions. But no TV show lifts the shirt of these White
yeoman to reveal the scars on their backs.
The Establishment would rather weep over
the poor persecuted Negroes, but leave the White working class "rednecks"
and "crackers" (both of these terms of derision were first applied to
White slaves), to live next door to the Blacks.
Little has changed since the early 1800s
when the men of property and station of the English Parliament outlawed
Black slavery throughout the Empire. While this Parliament was in session to
enact this law, ragged five year old White orphan boys, beaten, starved and
whipped, were being forced up the chimneys of the English parliament, to
clean them. Sometimes the chimney masonry collapsed on these boys. Other times
they suffocated to death inside their narrow smoke channels.
Long after Blacks were free throughout
the British Empire, the British House of Lords refused to abolish
chimney-sweeping by White children under the age of ten. The Lords contended that to do so would interfere with
"property rights." The lives of the White children were not worth a
farthing and were considered no subject for humanitarian concern.
------------
White
Cargo
by Don Jordan and Michael Walsh
by Don Jordan and Michael Walsh
"High school American history
classes present indentured servitude as a benignly paternalistic system whereby
colonial immigrants spent a few years working off their passage and went on to
better things. Not so, this impassioned history argues: the indentured
servitude of whites was comparable in most respects to the slavery endured by
blacks. Given the hideous mortality rates, the authors argue, indentured
contracts often amounted to a life sentence at hard labor—some convicts asked
to be hanged rather than be sent to Virginia....their exposé of unfree labor in
the British colonies paints an arresting portrait of early America as gulag. 8
pages of photos."
—Publishers Weekly
—Publishers Weekly
”With information gleaned from
contemporary letters, journals and court archives, White Cargo is packed with
proof that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery were, for
centuries, also inflicted on whites.”
—Daily Mail
—Daily Mail
”An eye-opening and heart-rending
story.”
—The Times (London)
—The Times (London)
White Cargo is the forgotten story of the thousands of Britons who lived
and died in bondage in Britain’s American colonies.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, more than 300,000 white people were shipped to America as slaves.
Urchins were swept up from London’s streets to labor in the tobacco fields,
where life expectancy was no more than two years. Brothels were raided to
provide “breeders” for Virginia. Hopeful migrants were duped into signing as
indentured servants, unaware they would become personal property who could be
bought, sold, and even gambled away. Transported convicts were paraded for sale
like livestock.
Drawing on letters crying for help,
diaries, and court and government archives, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh
demonstrate that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery alone
were perpetrated on whites throughout British rule. The trade ended with
American independence, but the British still tried to sell convicts in their
former colonies, which prompted one of the most audacious plots in
Anglo-American history.
This is a saga of exploration and
cruelty spanning 170 years that has been submerged under the overwhelming
memory of black slavery. White Cargo brings the brutal, uncomfortable
story to the surface.
Identured Servants' Experiences
1600-1700
BEFORE THE JOURNEY: "Many of the spirits [people who recruited indentured
servants] haunted the London slums and those of Bristol and other seaports. It
was not difficult to find hungry and thirsty victims who, over a dinner and
much liquor, would sign anything before them. The spirit would then hustle his
prey to his headquarters to be added to a waiting company of others, safely
kept where they could not escape until a ship was ready for them. An easier way
was to pick up a sleeping drunk from the gutter and put him aboard a vessel for
America, where, with no indenture, he could be sold to his own disadvantage and
with the American planter's gain. Children were valuable and could be enticed
with candy to come along with a spirit. Sometimes they, and older people too, were
seized by force."
THE JOURNEY: The ocean journey to America usually took eight to twelve
weeks. Indentured servants were packed into the ships tightly, often being held
in the hold without a chance to get fresh air. "Every two weeks at sea the
[indentured servant] passengers received an allowance of bread. One man and his
wife, having eaten their bread in eight days, staggered before the captain and
begged him to throw them overboard, for they would otherwise starve before the
next bread day. The captain laughed in their faces, while the ship's mate, even
more of a brute, gave them a bag of sand and told them to eat that. The
couple did die before the next ration of bread, but the captain charged the
other passengers for the bread the two would have eaten if they had
survived."
UPON ARRIVAL IN AMERICA: Some indentured servants had their contract of service
worked out with waiting American colonists who would be their masters for four
to seven years. Others, upon arrival, were bought and sold much in the
same manner as slaves. An announcement in the Virginia Gazette read,
"Just arrived at Leedstown, the Ship Justitia, with about one Hundred
Healthy Servants, Men Women and Boys. . . . The Sale will commence on Tuesday
the 2nd of April."
TREATMENT BY THEIR MASTERS: Indentured servants had few rights. They could not vote.
Without the permission of their masters, they were not allowed to marry, to
leave their houses or travel, nor buy or sell anything. Female indentured
servants were often raped without legal recourse. Masters often whipped
and beat their indentured servants. One man testified: "I have seen an
Overseer beat a Servant with a cane about the head till the blood has followed,
for a fault that is not worth the speaking of...."
WORK IN AMERICA: In the 1600s, most indentured servants were put to work in
the tobacco fields of Virginia and Maryland. This was hard manual labor under
the grueling hot summer sun, under which Europeans were not accustomed to
working. Overseers were often cruel, beating the servants to make them
work faster and harder.
AFTER CONTRACT WAS COMPLETED: Although many masters craftily figure out ways to extend an
indentured servant's bondage (through accusing the servant of stealing,
impregnating a female indenture servant, etc.), most indentured servants who
survived the first four to seven years in America were freed. The master was
required (depending upon the rules of the colony) to provide his former servant
with the following: clothing, two hoes, three barrels of corn, and fifty acres
of land.
Condition
of Many Early Immigrants,
Including Crosslands
Including Crosslands
"Indenture" is a term from
English Common Law which, in the 17th century, generally meant: "under
contract". Indentured servants (or laborers under contract) were
commonplace in Colonial Virginia during that period. Historians estimate that:
·
About 70% of migrants from England who
came between 1630-1660 were indentured servants;
·
Most indentured servants were young,
15-25, and single;
·
Males servants outnumbered female
servants;
·
Indentures were typically 4-7 years in
duration;
·
Trade in indentured servants peaked
about 1620-1680, but lasted until the 1770s.
According
to the Historians:
Indentured servants were often scorned
in their time as beggars and riffraff. In reality they probably represented a
broad spectrum of working people from English society. They included the
desperately poor (the majority) and the middle class. Most of them were
probably farmers or unskilled laborers during the early years.
Tobacco quickly became the principal
source of cash in early Virginia and tobacco farming demanded a large and ever
expanding work force, a workforce which could not be provided from within the
colony. Ergo, English entrepreneurs were encouraged to recruit large numbers of
laborers from England to the tobacco plantations. Men, women, and sometimes children
signed a contract with a "master" to serve a term of 4 to 7 years.
In exchange for their service, indentured servants received their passage paid
from England, and food, clothing and shelter once they arrived in the colony.
When the contract had expired, the
servant was paid "freedom dues" and allowed to leave the plantation.
Freedom dues usually consisted of corn, tools and clothing.
During the time of his/her indenture, a
servant was considered his master's personal property and the servant's
contract could be bartered, inherited or assigned. While a servant, a person
could not marry or have children. A master's permission was needed to leave the
plantation, to perform work for someone else, or to receive money for personal use.
An "unruly" servant was punished by whipping for improper behavior.
Labor was hard and living conditions
were generally harsh for indentured servants. Many servants had difficulty
adjusting to the climate and native diseases of southeast (Tidewater) Virginia,
and many servants did not live to receive their freedom. Runaway servants, of
which there were many, were punished by increasing their time of service if
they were captured.
Conditions changed in Virginia, however,
and, by 1700, recruitment of tobacco plantation labor from England was no
longer as important due to the increasing availability of African slaves for
the harsh plantation work. At that point, English artisans and skilled labor
became important and the nature of the indentured servant trade from England
changed. Later in the 1700s, England transported convicts, both men and women,
to Virginia to be sold to plantation owners as another form of labor.
Indentured servants first arrived in
America in the decade following the settlement of Jamestown by the Virginia
Company in 1607.
The idea of indentured servitude was
born of a need for cheap labor. The earliest settlers soon realized that
they had lots of land to care for, but no one to care for it. With passage to
the Colonies expensive for all but the wealthy, the Virginia Company developed
the system of indentured servitude to attract workers. Indentured servants
became vital to the colonial economy.
The timing of the Virginia colony was
ideal. The Thirty Year's War had left Europe's economy depressed, and many
skilled and unskilled laborers were without work. A new life in the New World
offered a glimmer of hope; this explains how one-half
to two-thirds of the immigrants who came to the American colonies arrived as
indentured servants.
Servants typically worked four to seven
years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging and freedom dues. While the
life of an indentured servant was harsh and restrictive, it wasn't slavery.
There were laws that protected some of their rights. But their life was not an
easy one, and the punishments meted out to people who wronged were harsher than
those for non-servants. An indentured servant's contract could be extended as
punishment for breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female
servants, becoming pregnant.
For those that survived the work and
received their freedom package, many historians argue that they were better off
than those new immigrants who came freely to the country. Their contract may
have included at least 25 acres of land, a year's worth of corn, arms, a cow and
new clothes. Some servants did rise to become part of the colonial elite, but
for the majority of indentured servants that survived the treacherous journey
by sea and the harsh conditions of life in the New World, satisfaction was a
modest life as a freeman in a burgeoning colonial economy.
In 1619 the first black Africans came to
Virginia. With no slave laws in place, they were initially treated as
indentured servants, and given the same opportunities for freedom dues as
whites. However, slave laws were soon passed – in Massachusetts in 1641 and
Virginia in 1661 –and any small freedoms that might have existed for blacks
were taken away.
As demands for labor grew, so did the cost of indentured servants.
Many landowners also felt threatened by newly freed servants demand for land.
The colonial elite realized the problems of indentured servitude. Landowners
turned to African slaves as a more profitable and ever-renewable source of
labor and the shift from indentured servants to racial slavery had begun.
While White people are reminded over and over again about their guilt surrounding the slavery of millions of Africans, the slavery of
millions of their own kind is quietly left in the dust bin of history
Shame
on Historians!
Shame
on Educators!
Shame
on Politicians!
Shame -- Shame -- Shame!
Save Your Heritage!
For
more information:
-------------------
#1BRising
In CANADA- WOMEN EQUAL MEN
BY LAW... trumping your religious bullsheeet and beans... 60% of Canada is
women... and we will vote u out of all elections if u even hint that women's
equality (sooooo hard won) laws need changing..... STATISTICS... CANADA (40,000
voted on website)
MARCH 2014-Are religious
rights more important than women's rights?
No - we should only accept
the beliefs of one group so long as they don't impose on another.84%
Yes - we have built a
society for religious tolerance and we should uphold that.15%
Choose an option above
Designated
groups[edit]
The
Employment Equity Act designates four groups as the beneficiaries of employment
equity:[1]
Women
People with disabilities
Aboriginal people, a category consisting
of Status Indians, Non-status Indians, Métis (people of mixed French-Aboriginal
ancestry in western Canada), and Inuit (the
Aboriginal people of the Arctic).
Main
article: Aboriginal peoples in
Canada
Main
article: Visible minority
--------------
.jpg)
Edward Snowden documentary Citizenfour wins Oscar
Laura Poitras’ film about Edward
Snowden and the NSA spying revelations carries off Academy award for
non-fiction films
The Citizenfour team accept the award for best
documentary feature. Photograph: Kevin Winter/Getty Images
Monday 23 February
2015 03.51 GMT
BLOGGED:
EDWARD SNOWDEN GLOBAL
HERO/Dec-2014 (Just In SNOWDEN DOCS AVAIL4DOWNLOAD) JUNE 2014 updates/ CUBA
NWORLD RAPED BY USA- freedom of humanity’s internetworksociety stolen ewww /GOD
BLESS CHILDREN/GOD BLESS OUR TROOPS -ALWAYS- Thank u4Canada's Freedom 2da n everyda/France
may take Snowden if Brazil does NOT-Hell Yeah- AND THX RUSSIA when no1 gave a
sheeet -SNOWDEN UP 4 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Citizen Four and the
Canadian Surveillance Story
February 23, 2015
------------
February
24, 2015
American government’s answer to privacy concerns —
Trust us!
Women sense my power and they seek the life essence…But, I do deny them my essence, Mandrake.
The
National Security Agency director, Mike Rogers…sought to calm a chorus of
doubts about the government’s plans to maintain built-in access to data held by
US technology companies, saying such “backdoors” would not be harmful to
privacy, would not fatally compromise encryption and would not ruin
international markets for US technology products.
Rogers
mounted an elaborate defense of Barack Obama’s evolving cybersecurity strategy
in an appearance before an audience of cryptographers, tech company security
officers and national security reporters at the New America Foundation in
Washington…
For
most of the appearance, however, Rogers was on the defensive, at pains to
explain how legal or technological protections could be put in place to ensure
that government access to the data of US technology companies would not result
in abuse by intelligence agencies. The White House is trying to broker a deal
with companies such as Apple, Yahoo and Google, to ensure holes in encryption
for the government to access mobile data, cloud computing and other data…
Rogers
admitted that concerns about US government infiltration of US companies’ data
represented a business risk for US companies, but he suggested that the greater
threat was from cyber-attacks…
US
technology companies have bridled at government pressure to introduce
weaknesses in encryption systems in order to ensure government access to data
streams, and technical experts have warned that there is no way to create a
“backdoor” in an encryption system without summarily compromising it. An
appearance by Obama at a cybersecurity conference at Stanford University last
week to tout cooperation between the government and US tech companies was
upstaged by an impassioned speech by Apple’s chief executive, Tim Cook, who
warned of the “dire consequences” of sacrificing the right to online privacy…
“‘Backdoor’
is not the context I would use, because when I hear the phrase ‘backdoor’ I
think: ‘Well this is kind of shady, why wouldn’t you want to go in the front
door, be very public?’” Rogers said. “We
can create a legal framework for how we do this.”
“Legal
framework”, eh? Let me remind folks the first mass bombing of civilians had a
“legal framework”. Hitler’s Condor Legion was invited into Spain by the fascist
dictator, Franco. All perfectly legal. They went bombed civilians in Madrid,
Guernica, across Republican Spain.
Not
that the United States would ever “legally” bomb civilians. Oh.
-----------------
The costs of NSA snooping
are greater than just the loss of personal privacy
JULY 29, 2014
There is no doubt the integrity of our communications and the
privacy of our online activities have been the biggest casualty of the NSA’s
unfettered surveillance of our digital lives. But the ongoing revelations of
government eavesdropping has had a profound impact on the economy, the security
of the internet and the credibility of the U.S. government’s leadership when it
comes to online governance.
These are among the many serious costs and consequences the NSA
and those who sanctioned its activities—including the White House, the Justice
Department and lawmakers like Sen. Dianne Feinstein—apparently have not
considered, or acknowledged, according to a report by the New America
Foundation’s Open Technology Institute…
The Foundation’s report, released today, outlines some of the
collateral damage of NSA surveillance in several areas, including:
Economic
losses to US businesses due to lost sales and declining customer trust.
Deterioration
of Cybersecurity
Undermining
U.S. Support for Internet Freedom
“As the birthplace for so many of these technologies, including
the internet itself, we have a responsibility to see them used for good,”
then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said in a 2010 speech launching a
campaign in support of internet freedom. But while “the US government promotes
free expression abroad and aims to prevent repressive governments from
monitoring and censoring their citizens,” the New American report notes, it is
“simultaneously supporting domestic laws that authorize surveillance and bulk
data collection.” The widespread collection of data, which has a chilling
effect on freedom of expression, is precisely the kind of activity for which
the U.S. condemns other countries…
The report makes a
number of recommendations to address the problems the NSA’s spying
has created. These include strengthening privacy protections for
Americans and non-Americans, developing clear policies about whether and under
what legal standards it is permissible for the government to secretly install
malware on a computer or network, and working to restore trust encryption
systems and standards.
RTFA
for the details, cause and effect, intelligent response to corruption.
All make good sense. All reflect standards advocated for
generations by United States constitutionalists and progressives. All get
lip-service from the two political parties we’re allowed – and secretly,
privately, subverted by elected representatives from both.
Yes, there are degrees of difference. The truly fascist-minded
generally gravitate to the Republican Party,.e.g., Dick Cheney or Ted Cruz. The
language of liberty is so thoroughly ingrained in our culture they adopt the
simple-minded convention that military security and secret police are defining
characteristics of the liberties they blather about.
Leaving
the rest of us the task of getting Big Brother off our backs by the few
legitimate means we can access. Like voting for the lesser of two evils over
and over again.
Thanks,
Mike
--------------
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LET’S CELEBRATE OLDER GOLD
YEARS- Here’s how 2 use the Internet TEXT language and Emoticons
darlins/love2AllOlympiansSochi/God blessrTroops
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