CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA- please stop pimping booze, gambling and tobacco 4 ur profit- ur killing us...ur killing us.... Every Political Party in Canada and Nova Scotia PROMISED 2 ELIMINATE- GAMBLING.... every one.... and ...u ...doubled...it...Seriously....

The research on this article is astounding.... and he is a staunch Liberal... however, his points and wanting DRUNK DRIVING 2 F**KING STOP.... is so key and strong...

Drunk with Alcohol, abusing others and the law, stealing to have more booze or drugs, are part of the major white collared crimes in Canada even these days.. too often now written about or dealt with and why is that? Alcohol is too readily available even in governmental functions. Provincial Governments, cops too do not want to reduce gambling or alcohol consumption for it is a great money maker for them, and too many Canadian politicians and half of the cops do like to booze..

Drug or alcohol impaired vehicular driving by men and women and not the actual driving speed are still the key factor in the majority of the traffic accidents … http://thenonconformer.blogspot.com/2007/10/policing-facts-related-to-vehicular.html

Alcohol is more dangerous than illegal drugs like heroin and crack cocaine, according to a new study.Heroin, crack cocaine and methamphetamine, or crystal meth, were the most lethal to individuals. When considering their wider social effects, alcohol, heroin and crack cocaine were the deadliest. But overall, alcohol outranked all other substances, followed by heroin and crack cocaine. Experts said alcohol scored so high because it is so widely used and has devastating consequences not only for drinkers but for those around them. When drunk in excess, alcohol damages nearly all organ systems. It is also connected to higher death rates and is involved in a greater percentage of crime than most other drugs, including heroin. All governments should consider more education programs and raising the price of alcohol so it isn’t as widely available. “What governments decide is illegal is not always based on science,” for monetary considerations about revenue and taxation, like those garnered from the alcohol and tobacco industries, may influence decisions about which substances to regulate or outlaw. “Drugs that are legal cause at least as much damage, if not more, than drugs that are illicit,” http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/101031/health/health_eu_med_dangerous_alcohol

The problem with the Police or Politicians consuming alcohol, is that alcohol not only makes you a mental retard cause it does now kills your brain cell, alcohol also kills your emotions of compassion, and reasoning ability now as well.. We all also tend to know how many cops and others do often despise others, mock the skid row persons, native alcoholic, drunks and yet hypocritically they do the same thing, even their peers.. consuming a vast amount of alcohol and they cannot see what negative effect it has on their personal life.

AND NOTE THIS THE REAL TRAFFIC STATISTICS WILL SHOW THAT DRUNK, IMPAIRED DRIVERS CAUSE OVER 2/3 OF THE CAR ACCIDENTS, AND PEOPLE WHO ARE DISTRACTED BY A PHONE ARE LIKLEY TO HAVE 300 PERCENT MORE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AS WELL, AND THE POLICE SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME IN TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT, IN MONEY GENERATING SPEEDING TICKETS AND WHY WAS THAT STILL? COPS THEMSELVES DRIVE HOME DRUNK FROM THE BARS STILL TOO OFTEN.. NOW THE POLICE IN CANADA GENERALLY STILL DO NOT GO AFTER DRUNK DRIVERS ALL YEAR BUT MAINLY ONLY 2 MONTHS, DURING CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAYS AND WHY WAS THAT?

No RCMP ALCOHOLICS clearly is a lie, likley most of the RCMP managers are definite alcoholics and it explains what they are too often incompetent to do their job properly, and likley many of the people they have hired now too, RCMP officiers too as we often read in Canada’s news.. https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2010/06/18/about-time-the-rcmp-reaps-what-is-sowed/

AT LEAST 50 % OF CANADA’S POLICE OFFICERS TOO OFTEN ARE DRUNK.. RCMP INCLUDED.. THEIR EXCUSE IS THEY DRINK ALCOHOL DUE TO THE JOB PRESSURES.. WELL I DO NOT USE THAT FALSE EXCUSE. WE CAN READILY KNOW THE VICES THAT OFTEN FOLLOW DRINKING ALCOHOL https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2009/09/02/drink-alcohol-and-die/

You know I get a kick out of those lying spin doctors, from police officers, bad cops, union representatives, police lovers who say that bad people, bad cops and their bad supervisors too they can always be rehabilitated, retrained.. The hypocrtical police tend not to believe that bad cons can be helped only bad cops… and how many millions of them now has this happened to them.. almost none.. a bad apple tends to get worse.. The RCMP maximum 10 days punishment is always absurd, permanent dismissal is what is always needed with the bad cops and their clearly bad superiors who had managed and hired them too.. https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/liars-mounties-misleading-everyone/

Suspended BC RCMP officers being paid up to $1.3 million a year The Province – There are now 16 BC RCMP members on paid suspension for alleged misconduct. Officers can remain suspended with pay for years – even receiving annual raises … “It’s a reward for engaging in inappropriate conduct,” said Simon Fraser University criminologist Robert Gordon. “This just shows a fundamental lack of accountability to taxpayers,” said Maureen Bader, spokeswoman for the Canadian Taxpayers Federation. Across Canada, 47 Mounties were on paid suspension as of March 31, the Ottawa Citizen’s Chris Cobb reports.

BY THE WAY THE ONLY TIME I TEND TO HAVE PROBLEMS WITH MY INTERNET OFTEN SEEMS TO BE WHEN I WRITE ABOUT THE BAD RCMP, WHAT THE RCMP MONITOR MY POSTS AND TRY TO HINDER THEM STILL?

AND SECONDLY WHEN YOU QUOTE ACCIDENT TRAFFIC STATISTICS, THE POLICE OFFICERS IN CANADA HAVE NOT DONE A GOOD JOB IN COLLECTING ACCURATE ACCIDENT STATISTICS THE LAST DECADES , EVEN THE PAST CHIEF OF THE OPP HERE LIED ABOUT THE CAUSE OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS..

REAL FACTS AND STATISTICS ABOUT DRUNKS..

“Of the 645 sexual assaults that were reported to our service in 2009, more than 40 per cent were alcohol-facilitated sexual assaults,” A sexual assault is never the fault of the victim. She said no means no the first time, and another drink can’t change that.“ We need people to understand that consent cannot be given if the person is impaired by alcohol: If they’re passed out, if they’re unconscious, if they’re sleeping,” Supt. Danielle Campbell, head of the Edmonton Police Criminal Investigations Division. It seems most alcohol-facilitated sexual assault doesn’t seem to be about miscommunication, or misconceptions of consent. Rather, it is about men who use alcohol to incapacitate women for the purpose of raping them, and who do it over and over again like they know what they ‘re doing and are doing it on purpose. Police use this approach as well?

It seems we have too many cheats, thieves, liars, alcoholics, adulterers for cops and for politicians still in Canada.. for basically there is no such thing as a little bit pregnant, it seens you are basically honest or merely another crook… https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2010/09/04/rcmp-officer-threatened-critic/

Another good example as to why there is no admitted RCMP alcoholics.. REGINA – Questions are being raised about why an RCMP sergeant in Saskatchewan who rolled his vehicle after having at least five alcoholic drinks was not charged with impaired driving. Sgt. Warren Gherasim was commander of the detachment in Cut Knife, about 170 kilometres west of Saskatoon, when, on May 15, 2006, he conducted himself “in a disgraceful manner that brings discredit on the force” by drinking and driving, says a decision by an RCMP adjudication board. “Sergeant Gherasim’s admission, the (indications) of impairment and the evidence of the odour of alcohol tip the balance in favour of finding that some level of alcohol impairment existed sufficient to contribute to the accident,” the board said in its ruling dated March 20, 2008. “Six different members attended the accident scene or Sgt. Gherasim’s residence, all but one subordinate to him in rank and four serving under him at Cut Knife. Several of these noted the odour of alcohol. “For a detachment commander, one of whose roles is to set an example, to drink enough and drive so that alcohol played a role in a subsequent accident, regardless of the fact that the circumstances were such that no breath demand was made, is disgraceful, and brings discredit on the force.” The adjudication report noted that Gherasim worked his scheduled shift on the day in question and drank two beers with a colleague while golfing. The pair stopped later at the colleague’s house and Gherasim had another beer. After watching a baseball game together, he had a “couple of drinks.” Gherasim has since apologized for his behaviour and been transferred to a different detachment, where he is handling administrative duties. He was given a reprimand, docked eight days’ pay and taken out of the Officer Candidate program. He was also stripped of the Order of Merit of Police Forces he received in 2006 from the Governor General for his work in community-based policing in the Northwest Territories and for fugitive investigations across the country. Bill Pitt, an Edmonton-based criminologist, law enforcement instructor and former Mountie, called the incident “another nail in the coffin” for the RCMP. “This is not a standard of policing that Canadians should have. Does it occur? Yeah, you bet it does.” Pitt said charges weren’t laid because “people were looking for their careers, and properly so because they wouldn’t have had one had they brought a sergeant up on impaired driving charges.”http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/100727/national/cop_loses_award

Now again for the liars who tell me there are few RCMP alcoholics.. CALGARY (CBC) – Two RCMP officers have been charged after an investigation into a rowdy disturbance at a southern Alberta bar late last year. RCMP in Brooks were called to the business in the early morning of Nov. 29 after complaints that six off-duty Mounties were having a heated argument that almost turned violent. Const. Brandon Letain, 34, of the Brooks detachment is charged with two counts of causing a disturbance, a summary criminal offence. Const. Cam Hicke, 36, from the Indian Head detachment in Saskatchewan is charged with public intoxication under Alberta’s Gaming and Liquor Act. The investigation was transferred to a senior officer at a detachment outside Brooks who forwarded the results to the Alberta Justice Department for review. The ministry recommended charges be laid against the two RCMP members. Letain has been assigned to administrative duties while Hicke is still on active duty pending the resolution of their cases. An internal disciplinary review is also underway for all six off-duty RCMP officers at the bar, who come from three different detachments. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/cbc/100526/canada/canada_calgary_alberta_brooks_rcmp_charges_officers_disturbance_bar

Imagine that the paid RCMP openly admits now that for decades too it is pretentious, inadequate, incompetent, insufficient police force , when it comes to dealing with basic white collared crimes such as : Mortgage fraud, or Stock fraud, stealing from seniors. All it the RCMP is qualified to do it give out speeding, parking tickets and to kill persons with the laser after all . It all is especially hard for the clearly bad, inexperienced RCMP cause it takes real work. So how are they the bad RCMP also dealing with computer fraud, money laundering by crooks, terrorists banking now too? they do not for they expect others to do such as the banks investigators now again too? Bad RCMP management cannot hire competent persons for the RCMP cause it uses the RCMP Budget money to give itself useless bonuses, expense accounts, etc?

EDMONTON (CBC) – Mortgage fraud is one of the toughest to spot and investigate, an RCMP officer with experience in the field says. Sgt. Conal Archer of the RCMP’s commercial crime unit says “I think they’re very challenging [cases],” “We have a number of issues. First of all, we have real estate agents to interview, mortgage brokers to interview, bankers to interview. And then we have a mortgage file to review and it’s a huge documentary evidence file that we have to review and it can take years to investigate.” or to learn how to do it…

The Canadian Press WASHINGTON – Canada has a reputation for producing a wide variety of excellent beers, but tipplers visiting the Canadian Embassy had just three choices of brews recently – Molson Canadian, Alexander Keith’s Ale or Blue Light, the gleaming embassy on iconic Pennsylvania Avenue offers up a long list of Canadian wines to visitors, among them pinot noirs, merlots, Gewurztraminers and rieslings from an array of vineyards across the country. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/091222/national/us_cda_embassy_beer

Kind of REALLY foolish NOW EVEN encouraging people to become alcoholics at taxpayers expense, for while a few corporations will as a direct result get richer in the process, the Canadian government will not, even because the assicated costs due to the realted job dismissals and related tax losses, Medicare cost increases, significant car accidents, more policing rquirements, more domestic violence, and all associated with alcoholism is extremely, extremely costly..

No taxpayers money should ever be used to buy alcoholics at any federal, provincial, municipal government functions. Really!

Crash cop admits loaded firearm accusation By TONY BLAIS, COURT BUREAU The Edmonton Sun EDMONTON — A former city cop who resigned in disgrace after running a red light and seriously injuring a man in a fiery crash has admitted he unsafely stored his loaded police gun. (Douglas) Kurtis Brown, 31, yesterday pleaded guilty in provincial court to careless use of a firearm. Crown prosecutor Kerry Hart said Brown was suspended from active duty after being charged with impaired driving causing bodily harm relating to a May 11, 2008, collision on 75 Street, near the Whitemud Drive exit ramp. Later that day, following the 2 a.m. crash, officers went to Brown’s Mill Woods home to have him turn over his police-issued handgun, a Glock Model 22 40-calibre pistol. Brown led the officers to the basement of the home where they found his EPS duty belt draped over a couch in one of the rooms, said Hart. Inside some pouches on the belt, officers located two 15-round magazines loaded with 40-calibre ammunition. After the belt was turned over, officers were taken to a nearby room where Brown retrieved his Glock from a duffel bag, said Hart. The pistol was loaded with a magazine containing 14 rounds and had one round already in the firing chamber and court heard the firearm was not secured in any way. Brown ejected the magazine and the round in the chamber and handed the gun over without incident. Brown did not appear in court yesterday, but he was ordered to be present for a Sept. 11 sentencing hearing. On July 3, Brown was fined $18,400 on his earlier convictions for dangerous driving causing bodily harm. At the time, Judge Michael Allen noted Brown’s “courageous” actions in pulling his trapped victim from his burning pickup truck and said jail was not required. In April, Allen found Brown guilty of four counts of dangerous driving causing bodily harm after ruling Brown went through a red light driving in excess of 70 km/h. Court heard Brown, a constable for three years who was off-duty at the time of the crash, was returning to his home with his girlfriend and their two other roommates after a birthday party at a downtown nightclub. The impact forced Robert Wasyliw’s truck to flip — trapping the then 18 year old beneath the burning vehicle. Brown had also been accused of impaired driving, but Allen earlier dismissed those charges after ruling the two breath samples provided by Brown would be excluded from evidence due to a breach of his charter rights. http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Crime/2009/08/26/10612776-sun.html

Imagine my shock when I was in a constituency office and the experienced worker says to me it is so common for the politicians to commit adultery, it is a way of life… they all do it she says.. and they also cheat, lie, steal, make false expense accounts reports, commit tax evasions, get drunk as well it seems too.. exposed, they lose the news media support as a result too.. tend not to get reelected.. Toronto Councillor Adam Giambrone lies

Alberta Impaired Driving Statistics:

“Reducing impaired driving on Alberta’s highways will save lives, prevent injuries and lower insurance costs. In a national survey conducted by Transport Canada, it was determined that three per cent of drivers on the road between late night and early morning hours, Thursday through Sunday, were impaired. These offenders account for 33 per cent of traffic fatalities among drivers every year. “There are too many irresponsible drivers who think they can drink alcohol and still drive safely, despite the fact that in 2006, 90 people were killed in alcohol-related crashes,” ” We will continue to target and arrest those people who put innocent members of the community at risk by driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol.” Reducing impaired driving on Alberta’s highways will save lives, prevent injuries and lower insurance costs. In a national survey conducted by Transport Canada, it was determined that three per cent of drivers on the road between late night and early morning hours, Thursday through Sunday, were impaired. These offenders account for 33 per cent of traffic fatalities among drivers every year.

In Alberta in 2004, 1,138 of injury collisions involved drivers who had either been drinking or were judged to have been impaired. There were more than four and half times as many male drivers as female drivers who had consumed alcohol and been involved in a casualty collision. The majority of these drivers were males younger than 45 years old.

Males between 18 and 21 years of age were most likely to have been drinking before the crash (per 1,000 licensed drivers).
In 2004, at 10.4 per cent of the total, September was the month with the highest number of casualty collisions involving alcohol.

At 14.4 per cent, July had the highest number of alcohol-related fatal collisions. The most fatal and non-fatal injury collisions involving alcohol occurred on Saturdays in 2004. And the most likely time period for these collisions, on any day of the week, was between 11:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m.

68 per cent of the alcohol-involved collisions are single vehicle with pick-up trucks being the most prevalent.

Eleven alcohol-related collisions occur on undivided roadways for every collision on divided roadways.

There were more than 380 deaths from traffic collisions in the Alberta RCMP jurisdiction for 2005; 26 per cent had alcohol as a contributing factor. ”
http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ab/news/2008/Edm_Traffic-Impaired_July29.htm

“Alcohol, drugs main causes of in-custody deaths: RCMP Last Updated: Friday, February 15, 2008 | 5:06 AM ET CBC News An internal RCMP report obtained by CBC News shows 80 people died while in police custody between 2002 to 2006, the majority due to alcohol intoxication or drug overdoses. ‘The leading cause of death was alcohol or drug overdose.’— RCMP internal report The 100-page report, written in December 2007, is the RCMP’s most comprehensive analysis of in-custody deaths and presents statistics ranging from the reason police got involved in the first place to where the death occurred. “The majority of subjects died at the scene of a complaint, which was most commonly a disturbance or drunk in public place call, or in a hospital within 30 minutes of initial contact with the police,” the report says. “The leading cause of death was alcohol or drug overdose.” Of the 80 people who died in police custody, most were men over the age of 30 who had been using drugs or alcohol and had a criminal record.”
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/british-columbia/story/2008/02/14/bc-police-custody-deaths.html

National Impaired Driving Statistics:
Impaired driving is the leading criminal cause of death in Canada. Alcohol is involved in nearly 40 per cent of all motor vehicle fatalities in Canada.
One in every 33 drivers on Canadian roads at night are impaired. Statistics also indicate that impaired drivers are less likely to be wearing their seatbelts.
Young drivers under the age of 19 are 251 times more likely to be involved in a fatal collision with a blood alcohol concentration in excess of 150mg% (0.15 milligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres of blood).
According to Transport Canada, drivers with a high blood alcohol concentration over 170mg% (0.17 milligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres of blood) represent 64 per cent of nighttime fatal crashes.
Persons with a blood alcohol reading in excess of 170mg% (0.17 milligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres of blood) are 461 times more likely to be involved in a fatal motor vehicle collision

How does this all sit with Stephen Harpers’ professing hypocritical evangelical religion, beliefs still too? PM Stephen Harper DOES DRINK ALCOHOL

How is our law and order Conservative government, Prime Minister Stephen Harper now in reality dealing with the too often bad, immoral RCMP too? https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2010/03/10/mounties-always-get-their-man-or-a-woman-in-this-case/

Don’t drink and walk, doctor urges Metro Canada – Toronto – Alcohol impairs many of the faculties that normally keep you safe, says trauma surgeon Dr. Thomas Esposito at Loyola University in Chicago. So do the bad drugs now too..

Reality- Holiday drunk driving stats up: RCMP. Translation: Year all around drunk driving stats now are also up.. Cops are only still ” getting a small percentage of the drivers out there.”

Now the rather too often mean, Dirty Cops, bad RCMP in the past gave me some undeserved traffic tickets, so now it is my turn rather to give them some well deserved ones next as well… even that RCMP officer Benjamin Monty Robinson involved in Robert Dziekanski killing and the main suspect in drunk-driving-causing-death incident. RCMP officer Benjamin Monty Robinson, one of the four officers involved in the killing of Robert Dziekanski, has been caught drunk-driving and killing 21 year old Orion Hutchinson . http://abbink.blogspot.com/2008/10/rcmp-officer-benjamin-monty-robinson.html

“Tiny number of police officers part of large drinking and driving problem- Ha Ha Ha Sun Nov 9, 12:03 PM VANCOUVER, B.C. – The numbers are staggering. Mothers Against Drunk Driving says 75,000 people are arrested annually in Canada for drinking and driving. There are an additional 100,000 to 150,000 24-hour suspensions handed out each year by police, said MADD chief executive officer Andy Murie. Sometimes the people who make those arrests, the front-line police officers who try to get the drunks off the road become – albeit rarely – part of the statistics. “You might find 10 to 15 incidents a year involving police officers,” said Murie in a recent interview from his Oakville, Ont., office. “The thing is that with the 10 to 15, because they are police officers and they get charged with a crime, it’s news.” Often front-page news, most recently in British Columbia. In recent weeks, the public learned that three B.C. police officers are facing drunk-driving charges – two members of the RCMP and a third from the New Westminster police department. One of the off-duty RCMP members was arrested for drunk driving after a Jeep collided with a motorcycle, killing a 21-year-old man in Delta, B.C. Other high-profile cases this year across the country include an Edmonton police officer facing one count of driving with a blood alcohol level above the legal limit and five counts each of impaired driving causing bodily harm and dangerous driving causing bodily harm. In Saskatoon, a judge will decide the fate later this month of a senior member of the Saskatoon police service charged with impaired driving. At his trial, two arresting officers testified that Insp. Al Stickney got behind the wheel after they observed him drunkenly staggering across the street. “This year there’s been about 10 (arrests),” said Murie. “That’s pretty normal for a year.” .. the number of police officers caught drinking and driving is a tiny percentage of the total .. Benedikt Fischer, a criminologist at the faculty of Health Sciences at Simon Fraser University, said police officers are recruited “from the human race and despite the fact we expect so, human behaviour doesn’t stop on-or off-duty.” Fischer also believes the number of police officers who drive drunk is probably higher than the arrest statistics indicate.

Being a cop is part of a “professional or police culture” dominated by machismo and camaraderie where police officers spend a lot of time socializing with each other, said Fischer, and often it involves alcohol. “Drinking among police officers is often quite extensive and excessive, probably more so than in other professions,” he said. When an RCMP member in B.C. is identified as having a drinking problem, he or she gets to know Dr. Ian MacDonald, the regional health services officer for RCMP in B.C. After an assessment, they might be referred outside the force to an independent addiction specialist. Whether it’s determined they have a drinking problem or not, all RCMP members arrested for drinking and driving come to MacDonald’s attention and must have an assessment. MacDonald also thinks that MADD’s numbers are low and that the number of police officers arrested for drunk driving is higher than 10 to 15. “That strikes me as low. If you look at B.C., we might have two or three charges a year. And if B.C. is 10 per cent of the population, that would be 20 to 30 across Canada.” Mark Berber, a lecturer in psychiatry at the University of Toronto and an assistant professor at Queen’s University, is also skeptical of the MADD figures. “It’s surprisingly low considering the stress these guys and gals are under.” Studies, he said, have suggested that police officers have one of the most stressful jobs and “unfortunately a small number may seek to reduce their anxiety and stress by having a drink.” He has counselled police officers in his private practice. “They have spoken about seeking relief from stress and through medication and also drinking,” Berber said. RCMP members who get caught drinking and driving, in addition to the court process, must endure an internal code of conduct investigation, said RCMP spokeswoman Const. Annie Linteau. Members appear before an adjudication board and the result could be dismissal, she said. ” http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/081109/national/police_drunk_driving

“ We only read/see about the few due to the police buddy system which will leave all but the most blatant of the cops drunk (ie involved in an accident) either being escorted home, or not even bothering to perform the breathe analysis. Do you really think the public is so stupid to believe that the police are held accountable to their partners? I have seen this first hand and know it for truth. So MADD get off your horse and see the facts for what they really are, police covering up for police” “ I get the uncomfortable impression that there is a level of spin coming from MADD over this matter! If anything, I would have expected MADD to have taken a highly reproachful attitude toward anyone in this profession(as they do to anyone in any other profession) who CHOOSE to drink and drive. Yes, it makes the news if it’s a cop and so does any other citizen who kills someone while drunk at the wheel. “” There is absolutely no excuse for anyone driving drunk,be they officers or not.We are all aware of the fact that it is illegal and should all be held to the same standard. As to lighter sentencing,police generally get booted off the force after conviction. “

All alcoholics should be fired anywhere.. The reality also is that a God/faith based forgiveness, cure approach still works only if one admits that one lies, is an alcoholic. one has to first admit he has sinned before he or she can receive help, forgiveness for it.. like it or not.

The way I see it.. The federal and provincial conservatives are also all still mostly immoral persons, do see my blog on why Stephen Harper hides his religion.. so also are many of the Federal, provincial Liberals, and also the cops, RCMP, CRTC, it seems they are all corrupted, crooked? for they all support mainly the Businessmen, corporations who they hope can support them with bribes.. and sadly this is an undeniable reality..

Off-duty RCMP officer arrested for River Heights break-in CTV.ca – An off-duty RCMP officer was arrested for allegedly breaking into a River Heights home while intoxicated on Thursday, said Winnipeg police. An investigation determined that a suspect in an intoxicated state broke in through the front door to a stranger’s residence in River Heights and woke up a person inside, said officers. A neighbour told CTV News the suspect fell asleep on a couch inside the home. The neighbour said the suspect believed he was at a hotel and even left his shoes at the door before falling asleep on the couch. Winnipeg police responded and took the suspect into custody. The 30-year-old male suspect faces a charge for forcible entry and has been released on a court appearance notice. His name has not been released.

Drunk off-duty Mountie crashes on stranger’s couch by mistake Vancouver Sun

Drunk cop busted Winnipeg Sun

Drunken RCMP officer charged with forcible entry in Winnipeg Oye! Times (blog)

Global Winnipeg

all 8 news articles »

https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2010/02/11/rcmp-caught-with-their-pants-down-again/.

Kamloops Mountie faces impaired charges CBC – Tue Apr 6, 10:27 PM A nine-year veteran RCMP officer faces impaired driving charges after a car flipped over in a crash near Kamloops early Saturday morning. “It appeared, from the preliminary investigation of the incident, that the lone occupant of the vehicle had driven off the road and hit protection poles surrounding a hydro box,” Const. Cheryl Bush said in a release Tuesday. “The vehicle then flipped onto its roof. The driver sustained no injuries as a result of this incident.” Investigators at the scene asked the officer, 29, for a breath sample and later said they would recommend charges to the Crown, police said. The identity of the officer, currently posted in Kamloops, has not been made public. The officer has been reassigned to administrative duties and will make his first court appearance on April 26 in Kamloops, Bush said

Police themselves tend to be charged, prosecuted for drunk driving only when there is an undeniable wittness, accident now too?

“Alcohol Consumption of alcohol in any location at the RCMP Centralized Training Facility (CTF) or D Block is forbidden and considered a breach of conduct. There are two messes on the Depot Grounds that are available for the consumption of alcoholic beverages: General Mess and the Officers’ Mess. Violation of the ban will be reported to Depot Division Security Administration. The Commissionaires at Depot are contractors acting on behalf of the RCMP and have the authority to enforce this policy. Any breach of conduct or willful damage to the premises will be reported to the appropriate authority and financial charges may be applied. If there is a breach of conduct, you may be sent home. In this instances, the full amount of tuition will still be charged to the appropriate Police Service, as well as all accommodation and meal costs incurred. A letter will be forwarded to the appropriate Police Chief /Commanding officer” and that is all? http://www.rcmpgrc.gc.ca/clet/publications/course_candidate_orientation_booklet/i_e.htm

How come as indicated int he news media in Alberta the Edmonton and Calgary Police alone also now are supposedly the main, sole alcoholics, for an RCMP spokesman has said there are no alcoholic RCMP officers. Do you beleive them. I certainly do not.. and why?

I rightfully also do not believe anything the RCMP lying spin doctors say to me anymore.. the RCMP are known to be ether liars, alcoholics, incompetents and pretenders.

And what according to the bad RCMP spin doctors, there are only 3 alcoholic RCMP officers in all of Canada? for the rest they do not drink alcohol or beer but only milk, even when off duty? Here is something I recently read in the newspapers news that was hilarious, even on the net, a RCMP spin doctor, as quoted by news reporter said that the RCMP has only 3 court cases this year against alcoholic RCMP officers, and the rest of the RCMP officers are non alcoholic it seems, so they do not get tickets for drunk driving, for the RCMP officers they are sober all the time too?? That was really funny. In the real world 40 percent of the persons often take drugs and alcohol, but not in the cops world? Ha ha ha.. that is a funny joke. Rightfully unbelievable. So the spins is that the RCMP themselves now are all angels, tea totters .. dream on..

And also do consider the odds of the bad, crooked, drunk cops being exposed or stopped by the other cops so it very obvious to most people that when you do read or hear about it in the news it is likely also only the tip of the iceberg.. that also includes many other bad civil and public servants, professionals such as doctors, nurses, lawyers..

Off-duty RCMP officer faces impaired charge following crash in …The Canadian Press – VANCOUVER, BC – An off-duty BC RCMP officer is facing charges of impaired driving following a crash in east Vancouver. Sgt. Tim Shields says the incident happened early Saturday morning and the officer has been re-assigned to administrative duties …

Mountie to be charged with impaired driving following crash CBC.ca

Two Mounties accused of drunk driving Winnipeg Sun

The Province – CJOB – Vancouverite – Vancouver Sun

all 20 news articles »

AND THEY ARE STILL ALLOWED TO HOLD THEIR JOBS?

Sask Mountie pleads guilty to 2 counts of drunk driving, loses licence for 3 years REGINA – A Saskatchewan Mountie has been fined $3,500 and had his licence revoked for three years for impaired driving.

CP Guilty police officer retires Saskatoon police officer found guilty, fined $600 on impaired driving-related charges Two weeks after being found guilty of impaired driving-related charges, a senior Saskatoon police officer has retired. That means that Insp. Al Stickney won’t face any potential disciplinary measures from an internal review of the matter. Stickney was found guilty by a judge last month on a charge of having control of a vehicle while drunk. He was fined over $600 and lost his driver’s license for one year. In a press release, the Saskatoon Police Service says that because Stickney is retiring, it won’t hold an internal review into the incident in July 2007. During his trial, officers testified they saw him stagger towards a vehicle and get in but they intervened before he could drive anywhere. http://www.paherald.sk.ca/index.cfm?sid=199416&sc=4 this is just the tip of the iceberg..

VANCOUVER — The RCMP’s top B.C. spokesman blames an “internal communications breakdown” for his unit’s failure to learn until yesterday that yet another officer is facing impaired driving charges, and that he cannot be sure other officers in the province are not in similar legal difficulties. The department had said in recent weeks that three Mounties were facing impaired driving charges. Meanwhile, officers from New Westminster and Vancouver police have also been charged. But Sergeant Tim Shields, who is in charge of the strategic communications section for E Division, covering British Columbia, said the division’s professional standards branch told him yesterday there was one more case, stemming from an incident in October of 2007. During a press briefing, Sgt. Shields said an “internal communications breakdown” fouled up the Mounties’ commitment to let the public know about officers in serious trouble. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20081210.BCCOP10/TPStory/National

“RCMP reveal year-old impaired driving case against Mountie Last Updated: Wednesday, December 10, 2008 | 12:17 AM ET CBC News Cpl. Tim Shields, who speaks for the RCMP in British Columbia, says better communication within the force is needed to keep the public informed about Mounties facing criminal charges. (CBC) It has taken more than a year, but the RCMP on Tuesday released information about an impaired driving charge against one of their own. Richmond RCMP officer Kulwant Singh Malhi, 42, was arrested in October 2007 after a hit-and-run collision in Richmond, B.C., that occurred while he was off duty. He was charged in March this year with impaired driving, dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, and failure to remain at the scene of an accident. This case was never reported until Tuesday when a community newspaper inquired about Malhi’s appearance in Richmond Provincial Court, said Cpl. Tim Shields, a spokesman for the RCMP in British Columbia. Shields said he was never informed of Malhi’s case, even though the RCMP communications department should be the first to know about cases involving members of the force being charged with or facing impaired driving charges. “This obviously involves a complete lack of judgment. It is something that all of us recognize is a serious threat to public safety. Impaired driving is the No. 1 criminal cause of death in Canada,” Shields said. “I am in charge of communications for the RCMP for all of British Columbia, and I am doing everything in my power to ensure that if an RCMP member is involved in an incident such as this, that it will become public as quickly as possible,” he said. Mountie accused of leaving crash scene The RCMP held a news conference Tuesday afternoon following Malhi’s court appearance in the morning. Malhi will be back in court on Jan. 15. The crash Malhi is accused of being involved in happened on Oct. 20, 2007. A black Nissan Ultima rear-ended a Honda Civic shortly before 3 a.m. at No. 4 and Francis roads, Shields said. No one was injured in the collision, but about 30 minutes later Richmond RCMP received another 911 call from a motorist about a Ultima being driven in an erratic manner southbound on Highway 99. The caller followed the vehicle to Delta and then Ladner, both suburbs of Vancouver, while staying on the phone with police, Shields said. The Ultima finally stopped in the driveway of a residence in Ladner. “Delta Police officers arrived minutes later, and the lone male occupant of the Ultima was arrested for impaired driving,” Shields said. The Ultima turned out to be an unmarked police vehicle. Other officers facing drunk driving allegations This is the latest Metro Vancouver police officer to be charged with impaired driving or facing similar charges. Const. Peter Hodson of the Vancouver Police Department has been charged with impaired driving and will appear in court on Dec. 29. Const.Tomi Hamner of the New Westminster Police Service is scheduled to appear in provincial court on Dec. 17 to face a charge of impaired driving following a single-vehicle accident in North Vancouver in October. RCMP Cpl. Benjamin Montgomery Robinson is scheduled to appear in provincial court on Jan. 15 to face a charge of impaired driving causing death. Robinson is a member of the RCMP’s Vancouver 2010 integrated security unit. North Vancouver RCMP Cpl. Darren Baker will be tried on impaired driving charges on Jan. 27, 2009. His was charged after his vehicle was stopped last December by West Vancouver city police officers. Hodson, Hamner and Baker have all been reassigned while their cases proceed in court. Robinson, however, has been suspended with pay.”
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/british-columbia/story/2008/12/09/bc-mountie-drunkdriving-charges.html

Charges have been stayed for an RCMP officer accused of driving drunk and fleeing after a fender-bender three years ago. Const. Kulwant Singh Malhi, 43, was charged in 2008 with failure to stop at an accident, impaired driving and dangerous operation of a motor vehicle. The charges were stayed by a judge in B.C. Provincial Court in Richmond Thursday on the third and final day of Malhi’s trial. Malhi remains suspended with pay and a Code of Conduct investigation is under way.

http://www.theprovince.com/technology/Mountie+impaired

Alcohol, drugs main causes of deaths: RCMP revenue generating traffic tickets seem still to be the main focus , even in Alberta

“Reducing the number of impaired driving incidents is one of the RCMP’s top priorities.” But revenue generating traffic tickets seem still to be the main focus of Alberta’s police forces. http://postedat.wordpress.com/?s=alberta+RCMP

http://postedat.wordpress.com/2008/06/27/how-many-rich-people-in-calgary-edmonton-alberta/

Coquitlam RCMP officer charged for drunk driving. A B.C. RCMP officer has been charged with impaired driving after being stopped by members of his own detachment on his way from the Boulevard Casino in Coquitlam early Friday morning. The officer was released from custody on a promise to appear in a Port Coquitlam court on Jan. 10, 2010. The name of the officer has not been released, but police did say he has been moved to administrative duties pending the completion of the criminal investigation and a parallel internal investigation. Drunk driving is beyond stupid… *Especially* when it’s a cop. I just can’t understand why anyone would drive drunk. Especially a police officer. What the hell is wrong with these people? Not good. Way too much of this going on. The RCMP and police forces in general are really losing respect and credibility. This stuff sure doesn’t help. at least they didn’t try cover it up…yet. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/09/25/bc-coquitlam-rcmp-impaired-driving.html

Alberta should not renew RCMP contract “And the RCMP has changed, for the worse. At the headquarters level there hasn’t been a good report in years. Various inquiries have found incompetence, poor training, poor discipline, poor co-ordination and communication, and outright dishonesty. Those inquiries have used phrases like “horribly broken,” “often flawed,” “not justified” and so on.

News reports made it clear that RCMP investigations into embarrassing and fatal actions of their own members were inadequate to the point of being a coverup. At the field level there were many reports of highly dubious shootings by RCMP members, and criminal investigations into the conduct of members when off duty. Former RCMP Commissioner Giuliano Zaccardelli resigned in disgrace after giving conflicting statements to a Parliamentary committee. ” http://www.calgaryherald.com/opinion/Alberta+should+renew+RCMP+contract/3498184/story.html?cid=megadrop_story

This is not a new revelation I myself now had detailed to you about 25 years ago my own experience in Canmore Alberta with the perverse RCMP where I got 2 speeding tickets on the same spot years apart and how the RCMP next also had covered up for it’s pervere buddies, and I had also entered my complaint about their perverse acts into the Canmore Queens court record as well now.

One of the best way that I have discovered to get to know what a cop is really like, is work with him just for one whole day,.. and what you now saw next.. lying, bullying, control freak..

https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2008/10/29/murderous-cops-coverup-is-ongoing/

People in leadership office do have to face higher penalties as an example now too. It is clearly established, accepted fact by most people that those in leadership civil and public servants cops, teachers, ministers, politicians included are always to be exemplary in behavior, conduct and they do need to maintain their high standards even out of their working hours, thus to do so they are also to be exemplary judged, prosecuted for their own wrong doings with a higher standard over those of us ordinary folks. Too many police officers are now too often guilty of their most serious neglect of public trust and their duty. The related truth is that neither an independent police investigation, a new police commissioner, a promised provincial or federal investigation, or just more politicians promises too often still will not bring the much needed justice. All of the governments can prohibit the initial and further employment of any known racists for any jobs, and can punish them for their racists acts, views. Police managers continue to promise the reforming of bad cops and the bad cops keep killing, abusing innocent persons. The possible retaining of bad police officers is always anyway a false myth. What thus is always needed is the real the dismissal, criminal prosecution, of the guilty cops. So where is it

Tax payer’s money abuses, false expense account statements, stealing, tax evasions, obstruction of justice, cheating, lying, drunkenness, impaired driving, pornography, Adultery, VERBAL, PHYSICAL ABUSES, are all ESPECIALLY unacceptable for any civil and public servants. It is a clearly established fact with good basis as to why our Canadian leaders, politicians, police, military, public and civil servants who are always to be exemplary are even personally are to held to a higher standard, accountability in reality.

Public exposure and prosecution of the guilty is one of the best approach serving everyone’s best interest too. “In the case of police, it is in everyone’s best interest that there is full, effective, independent, transparent and objective oversight. It goes without saying that an absence of effective oversight will inevitably result in the erosion of the community’s confidence in the police.”

PM Stephen Harper’s province…
Booze, gambling revenues now worth more than gas royalties to Stelmach government
http://ourcanadiancontent.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/booze-gambling-revenues-now-worth-more-than-gas-royalties-to-stelmach-government

https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2010/07/20/canadas-police-forces/

Complainers and whistle Blowers seem not be be liked anywhere.. Get used to it.

FOR ONE EXAMPLE this Complaint site in 6 months it next got one million hits http://jan.ake.andersson.tripod.com/

A good name is worth more than silver and gold, and a tarnished one cannot be accepted.. it is a clear loser and not a winner.

I learned long time ago important people do not like me, you embarrassing them in writing, posting their sins on the nets, for they send the police to my home 6 times now, a prime minister, a mayor, and a premier now too, and I next tell the police I want to contact the news media now about this and the police take off.. and they also threaten to sue me.. I tell them to go ahead I need the publicity..

they try to contact my employer but I am retired..

I like to write an email letter of complaint directly to a person, and also next send a copy to the news editors, politicians, but note also to post the letter on the net and tell them all it is on the net.. even the last 2 decades, and from my experience that is the only thing that works effectively still.

Again my complaint #1

https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2008/11/18/deceptive-unacceptable-unfair-business-trade-practices-unreliable-internet-access/

Recently I had problems with my internet connection for a whole week, and I get different advice from the so called experts to last a life time too.. Trouble shooting problems with computers can be a complex undertaking caused by a very small unresolved problem even. A Bell technician finally after 2 years showed up today at my home at 1:30 PM at Acanac’s suggestion and he reduced my internet, modem speed from 10 megs to 5 megs.. because he thinks the Acanac modem is the problem, it does not want to accept the 10 meg causing the recent past internet connectivity problem.. Somehow I doubted it .. there also had to be other factors elsewhere? Everything works great so far, web page connectivity and Utorrent download, so how can I complain, and let’s hope it lasts that way..

But I also suspect the peak line demands, capping

and line balance is part of the problem. The problem occasionally comes back. When it gets worse I will write even again to all.

Problems! These days 40 percent of Canadian Internet Customers are rightfully dissatisfied with the poor lies, support services from their internet suppliers, especially the biggest ones, such as Bell, Videotron, Rogers, . Why?

Servicing computers, providing technical support is not an easy business, even the so called experts often get it wrong.. 2 years problem with a brand new computer remained unsolved and why? the experts looked for complex problems.. and it next finally turned out to be a defective 15 dollars hard drive cable. By law the internet is unregulated.. and these supposedly consumer protection agencies now still all they can do is a useless pretentious mediation approach and next it is useless because Bell plays dirty, hardball still.. court actions cannot be enforced. And any experienced lawyer will tell you, you need to first in writing personally to ask the specific bad people to repent first, to first give them a chance to do so, before you can next go public, and try to shame them into action, and still that is the sole approach than works.. for in reality the pretentious CRTC, Cops, consumer agencies do not really care about helping the small fries.. they only care about themselves. So I practice what I preach to you as well.. I put it in writing on the net too, it is an embarrassing approach but still the only one that works.. https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2008/11/18/deceptive-unacceptable-unfair-business-trade-practices-unreliable-internet-access/

See also DEALING EFFECTIVELY with COMPUTER VIRUSES, Spyware, etc
http://anyonecare.wordpress.com/2008/11/03/dealing-effectively-with-computer-viruses/

My Complaint #2

About Politics- Political, corruptions, inducements, Christians, Alcoholics

http://thefocusonthefamily.wordpress.com/2008/11/15/more-booze-taxes-lower-alcohol-linked-deaths/

The supposed past big news over the past decade by the liberals was that several high profile Christian advocates are winning Conservative nominations across the country. The Globe & Mail had a rational analysis of the situation in an editorial. so what!

It is difficult to understand the past media fuss about Christian activists helping to secure the nominations of at least eight Canadian federal Conservative candidates in the next election. It is no less difficult not to understand why no one opposes the election of Alcoholics, or the use of Alcohol to try to secure votes.. but they will oppose the election of Christian persons, It is not difficult to understand why some newspapers would splash a headline on the topic across their front page, thereby starting the entire insanity in the first place.

First off, let’s look at the problem with the current system. By signing up a group of people to pack a nomination meeting, the chances of nominating a candidate who the party and constituents do not want is dramatically increased.

With the current political nominating system it’s very easy to trade votes for money, booze, or favours, and it becomes about stacking meetings rather than being the “best” candidate. And during the leadership race, we saw blatant restrictions of membership forms. If you didn’t support a certain candidate ,it was impossible to get a membership form from the party, and when you were granted one, it would often take months to get it, or it would be mailed to the wrong address. Since it’s all about being on the membership list and it’s pretty easy to keep people off the membership list, abuse is practically encouraged. So why not switch to the primary system? Every Canadian could register with a party or as a non-partisan on their income tax by checking a box. Sure, you could still truck in your church members to vote so long as they’re registered to the party in question but with many more eligible voters, it would become a lot harder to take over a riding or win a nomination. With a wider range of people voting, it would presumably allow for candidates the general population prefers to be nominated. It would also become impossible to restrict membership forms, leaving leadership races more wide open and democratic… considering the bad press all parties get through nasty nomination battles and leadership races, it would be a solution everyone would benefit from. Don’t forget a recall system too.

119. (1) Every one who(a) being the holder of a judicial office, or being a
member of Parliament or of the legislature of a province, corruptly
(i) accepts or obtains,
(ii) agrees to accept, or
(iii) attempts to obtain,
any money, valuable consideration, office, place or employment for himself or
another person in respect of anything done or omitted or to be done or omitted

by him in his official capacity, or
(b) gives or offers, corruptly, to a person mentioned in paragraph (a) any
money, valuable consideration, office, place or employment in respect of
anything done or omitted or to be done or omitted by him in his official
capacity for himself or another person,
is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding fourteen years.

A charismatic leader is someone who really cares about the good welfare of all the people in Canada equally, French or English, easterner or westerner, or whatever, and not another pretender, Christian imposter, Alcoholic, liars, self centered, greedy persons that we seem to too often have instead..

so don’t be stupid NOW again,
and don’t select a Liberal leader who
– is a pretender Christian,
– a liar,
– an alcoholic,
– or one who cannot speak english, never mind read it.
but note above all it has to be one only from Quebec..
TRUDEAU’S SON Justine IS TOO YOUNG, and INEXPERIENCED STILL.
for without the support of the Quebec voters, without a PM from Quebec, you next cannot hope to have a majority government as Harper keeps on finding out.. again and again!

http://postedat.wordpress.com/2008/11/04/politics-political-corruptions-inducements-christians-alcoholics/

Now for any ostriches who cannot face negative realities then visit http://mccainvrsobama.wordpress.com/2010/09/02/beach-wallpaper/

I STILL DO OFTEN LOUDLY, RIGHTFULLY COMPLAIN ABOUT BIG BAD CORPORATIONS, BAD GOVERNMENTS, BAD POLITICIANS, BAD MANAGERS, BAD CIVIL AN PUBLIC SERVANTS, BAD PROFESSIONALS TOO ANYWAY.

MANY PEOPLE DO INITIALLY TELL ME I AM WRONG IN MY EFFORTS, ATTEMPTS, AND THEY ARE THE SAME PEOPLE WHO COME AND ASK ME NEXT FOR HELP WHEN THEY ARE ALSO ABUSED. I OFTEN NEXT ASK WHY THEY COME IF THEY BEFORE WERE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF WHAT I DID. THEY OFTEN REPLY, CAUSE NO ONE CAN HELP THEM EFFECTIVELY.

IT IS NOW MORE RARE BUT I DO ALSO NOW STILL GET BULLIED BY RELIGIOUS BULLIES, ABUSERS TOO.. not just by bad cops.. likley they too are alcoholics.,

The WRONGFULLY STILL Unrepentant bully’s problem is that he or she is one of those bad persons who only feels truly alive when voicing hostility and contempt for his “enemies.” Without that, he or she starts gasping for air. It’s his nature.. self-destructive” .. clearly these immoral Bully, Basher of others, Abusers of others has a disappointed, deflated ego, negative self worth, most likely related to past unresolved guilt, as a result of that the bully, he or she, tries falsely to build their ego up by bashing, hating others, by being an antagonists against his proclaimed enemies, which too often also is most people , for he or she no longer trust anyone, and Abusers this is a common very typical approach, fact in the character build up of Bullies, Bashers, but their approach is futile, the subsequent feeling of self worth dissipates too quickly, are actually replaced by guilt, and his ego, self worth likely needs to be recharged with new hate.. and is replaced with more and larger hatred of the others. I have seen this type of wrong behavior not just in bad managers, bad politicians, bad persons, but in alcoholics, and most often in Albertan rednecks ,but also in religious fundamentals evangelicals who promote hated towards Pentecostal Christians as well, and now as well as the crooked pastor wrongfully fighting for control over others. Public exposure and prosecution of these bad persons here too services everyone’s best interest.

The internet itself is one of the most powerful weapon, for the pen is mightier than the sword.. free sites such as http://www.wordpress.com which is tied to the effective Google search engine.. http://www.blogger.com/ and http://tripod.com/

“Why Canada’s Prime Minister Stephen Harper keeps his religion … so when now too often even a professing Christian Canadian Prime Minister buys alcohol for others to elicit support. Will they also give out playboy too now?

(Rom 8:29 KJV) For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren. (Rom 12:2 KJV) And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.

http://thenonconformer.blogspot.com/2006/08/non-conformer.html

http://picasaweb.google.com/anonconformer/Thenonconformer#

https://thenonconformer.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/no-rcmp-alcoholics-it-seems/

1. Morality Politics and the Legitimisation of Vice - Canadian Political ...

www.cpsa-acsp.ca/paper-2003/hyson.pdf - Cached - Similar

(Paper to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political ... Statistics Canada announced on April 22, 2003 that gambling revenue had .... passed by Parliament in 1969 (taking effect on January 1, 1970); furthermore, subsequent ..... thus in fulfilment of its election promise that the Video Lottery Scheme ...

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Brian Day: 30 years of health-care dysfunction | National Post

fullcomment.nationalpost.com/.../brian-day-30-years-of-health-care-dysfunction/ - Cached

1 Apr 2014 ... THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jonathan HaywardOn April 1, 1984, the ... I admire the skill with which they have manipulated both the public and elected politicians. ... Governments allow us to spend on gambling, smoking, and drinking, but not ... We believe that governments act unlawfully when they promise but ...

1. Doubling down on casinos - Macleans.ca

www.macleans.ca/economy/business/doubling-down-2/ - Cached

3 Jun 2013 ... Canadian anti-gambling crusaders could be forgiven if they think ... In fact, far from putting the brakes on the OLG's modernization plans, Wynne quickly promised her ... one that politicians and proponents of government-run gambling are ... end up with “a drink-crazed, poverty-stricken idiot walking down the ...

Doubling down on casinos

Provinces are addicted to gaming revenue, and it’s a dependence that’s only going to get worse

Tamsin McMahon

June 3, 2013

Follow @tamsinrm

Sharon Doucette/CP

Canadian anti-gambling crusaders could be forgiven if they think they’re on a winning streak. Over the last month, plans by the Ontario government to dramatically ramp up the number of casinos and slot machines in the province have suffered a series of defeats. Toronto’s city council convened a special meeting to officially kill the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation’s controversial plan to build a casino on the city’s waterfront. New Premier Kathleen Wynne vowed to scrap plans to take slot machines out of mostly rural racetracks and expand them into a proposed series of new, mainly urban, casinos. The furor culminated with Wynne firing OLG CEO Paul Godfrey, the very public face of efforts to “modernize” the 38-year-old Crown corporation by adding up to 29 new casinos and more than doubling the number of slot machines in the province. Ontario’s lust for gambling revenue, it would seem, has come to an end.

Care to bet on it? The reality is that Toronto’s casino plans collapsed not because of the groundswell of moral outrage over the idea of introducing gambling into the city’s downtown, but because Mayor Rob Ford—a staunch casino supporter—complained the city wouldn’t get a big enough cut of the profits. In fact, far from putting the brakes on the OLG’s modernization plans, Wynne quickly promised her government would proceed “full-steam ahead” on a proposal to nearly double the $1.9 billion in profits it makes every year from its gambling operations.

Ontario’s government is hardly alone in its unabashed enthusiasm for gambling. From lotteries, to casinos, to electronic gaming machines at bars and restaurants, gambling now generates an astonishing $14 billion a year in revenues for provincial governments, up from just $2.7 billion 20 years ago. Half of that is pure profit, with most of it flowing directly into provincial coffers. Alberta, B.C., Ontario and Quebec each now take in more in gambling revenues than Nevada. Provincial governments now get about 2.3 per cent of their total revenues from gambling. It’s as high as 4.2 per cent in Alberta, where gambling revenues are the equivalent of nearly half of royalties from the oil sands. Ontarians hand over more money to the province from gambling than they pay in gas taxes, and the amount B.C. raises from its gambling operations is nearly as much as the province spends each year on economic development.

Where Canada once steadfastly banned all forms of gambling, worried about the social costs of legalizing games of chance, today the country is home to more than 70 casinos, 30,000 lottery-ticket outlets and nearly 100,000 slot machines and video lottery terminals. Politicians who might have once wrung their hands over how gambling would create a nation of addicts now oversee governments that pump hundreds of millions every year into advertisements to encourage taxpayers to try their luck. Ontario alone gave away more than $335 million in 2011 in “promotional allowances” such as free food, liquor and hotel rooms to encourage high rollers to gamble even more.

And gamble we do. Governments collected nearly $550 in gambling revenues for every Canadian adult in 2011, according to the Canadian Partnership for Responsible Gambling. The average in Saskatchewan was more than $850, the highest in the country. In fact, Canada has among the highest per capita gambling revenues in the Western world—behind only Australia, Norway and New Zealand, and well ahead of the U.S. By 2004, Canadian governments reaped roughly $105 per person from VLTs and slot machines outside of casinos, compared to just $13 in the U.S., according to Gambling For Profit, the 2011 book by Canadian researcher Kerry Chambers.

But all that gaming revenue comes at a steep cost, one that politicians and proponents of government-run gambling are far too quick to dismiss. Those who support state-managed casinos and lotteries insist they are simply a voluntary tax, and that gambling addicts will find some other way to get their fix if governments don’t provide it. Yet the massive build-up of government’s role in the gambling industry has come squarely on the back of problem gamblers—with roughly half of all gambling dollars coming from those with some degree of gambling addiction.

And as lucrative as gambling has become for the provinces, the growth of gaming revenues has begun to slow in the past few years. This comes at a time when deeply indebted provinces are scrambling to find ways to meet their spending promises. So rather than scaling back their gambling operations, provincial gaming authorities are doubling down, blanketing the country with glitzy get-rich-quick ad campaigns, offering bigger lottery jackpots and pursuing more casinos. Some provinces have delved into the world of Internet gambling, making it even easier for people to bet from their homes, while a push is under way for a controversial style of sports betting that allows people to place wagers on individual games—something that has, until now, been banned partly over fears it will lead to a spike in sports-betting addictions.

These are the final frontiers of gambling, warns Robert Williams, a gambling researcher at the University of Lethbridge, and it shows province-run gambling operations are reaching “a saturation point. It’s like an addict looking for any remaining veins. You save the vein in your neck for the very last. The things that are being contemplated now are the things that make the least sense.” And show the most desperation.

The speed with which governments’ gambling operations have moved from temporary lotteries and casinos into multi-billion-dollar enterprises would shock the politicians who paved the way for them just four decades ago.

Gambling was declared illegal in 1892 when leaders worried its get-rich-quick ethos would destroy the Protestant work ethic. It remained a criminal offence for three-quarters of a century until, under pressure from Quebec to pay off its Expo 67 debts and finance the Montreal Summer Olympics, prime minister Pierre Trudeau legalized lotteries in 1969, stuffing the legislation into an omnibus crime bill that also legalized abortion, homosexuality and expanded gun control.

Almost immediately, provincial governments created their own lotteries as a defensive measure against state-run lotteries from Ireland and South America that were placing ads in Canadian newspapers. Prophetically, opponents complained the state-run lotteries would not only create a generation of gambling addicts, but that the new revenue source would only entice provinces to pursue gambling even more. They were roundly rebuffed. Ernie Hall, a cabinet minister in B.C.’s NDP government in 1974 who’d just announced a bill to legalize provincial lotteries, scoffed at the notion it would end up with “a drink-crazed, poverty-stricken idiot walking down the main street of Granville . . . There is no intention for this government to look upon the lottery income as a significant part of its revenue at all.” Today, gambling generates $1.1 billion in profits for B.C.

The Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation was created in the 1970s to oversee a single lottery, Wintario. It raised $76 million in its first year, most of that earmarked for local charities and community groups. Five years after its launch, critics were already complaining that televised Wintario draws were being held in local high schools, with provincial cabinet ministers routinely showing up to get the drum rolling.

These days, the province generates close to $2 billion in gambling profits and the OLG describes itself as “the greatest business operation of our provincial government—and for that matter perhaps any government in Canada.”

As governments have found, and critics warned, the money proved almost too easy; so much so that gambling became the go-to fix every time a government needed to dig itself out of debt after a recesssion. In 1995, Manitoba balanced its first budget in more than two decades after plunging into the gambling industry, thanks largely to having opened the country’s first resort casino in Winnipeg’s Hotel Fort Garry a few years earlier. Meanwhile, Ontario’s NDP government of the 1990s announced its first resort casino would be built in Windsor, after the automotive heartland had been hit by a double whammy of recession and free trade.

At each step, proponents heralded their new gambling initiatives for their economic virtues, whether helping to revive dying communities or to build new schools and highways. But critics say casinos are a questionable economic development tool. “Gambling doesn’t create wealth, it’s a sterile transfer of wealth,” says University of Lethbridge’s Williams. Except for Macau or Las Vegas, where the entire economy is based around luring outsiders to try their luck, gambling tends to just suck money out of other local retail and entertainment businesses and into government coffers.

“A lot of people don’t gamble at all and they basically see the revenue from gambling as keeping their taxes lower,” says Chambers, author of Gambling For Profit. “Governments will say gambling revenues this year went to pave 40 miles of road or pay for 10 hospitals. They’re linked to positive symbols and people who pay attention to these things see the benefits of it and they rarely see the negative outcomes.”

For the majority of Canadians who gamble—and roughly three-quarters do—there are few negative outcomes other than lightening our wallets. But for the estimated one million people who have developed a gambling problem, the consequences can be dire. The Canada Safety Council estimates there are nearly 200 suicides every year because of gambling addictions. Phyllis Vineberg’s son, Trevor, committed suicide in 1995 at age 25 after having lost an estimated $100,000 to government-owned video lottery terminals. “My struggle has led me to the unfathomable realization that it is our own governments who are preying on their citizens,” she told an international gambling conference in Halifax in 2004, estimating that in the nine years after her son died there had been enough gambling-related suicides in Canada “to fill two Titanics.”

In a study released last month, Williams found nearly half the money governments raised from gambling comes from players who have a gambling problem. Addiction rates are far higher for slot machines and video lottery terminals than for lotteries and bingos. Yet these electronic gaming machines make up close to 60 per cent of all provincial gambling revenues—and nearly two-thirds of that money comes from gambling addicts.

Despite the disproportionate share of revenues that come from addicts, provinces dedicated just $82 million of their $7 billion in profits in 2011 toward problem-gambling research and treatment.

Governments have what their lottery corporations consider a much more serious problem: For every person who gets addicted to one of their games, far more grow bored or skeptical of ever winning and either stop playing or move on to games elsewhere. In the rush to build new casinos and video lottery terminals, government gambling revenues doubled between 1992 and 1997. Then the excitement wore off. Gambling revenue grew just 14 per cent between 2004 and 2011—less than the rate of inflation.

Part of the problem, says Williams, is that building more casinos so gambling revenues don’t leave the province can have the opposite effect; once residents get a taste for a new type of government-run gambling, it whets their appetite for better games with bigger prizes—and even more money ends up flowing out of a local economy. When B.C. launched its online casino games last decade the move was meant to stop money flowing to offshore gambling sites. Now Williams estimates the government takes in just half what British Columbians wager online.

It’s a diminishing return on investment that is forcing governments to search for more ambitious ways to soak gamblers. Lotto Max, the nationwide lottery launched in 2009, now promises regular $50-million jackpots. Likewise, Lotto 6/49 saw ticket sales spike when it offered record-breaking $55-million jackpots in the summer of 2011. But the Western Canada Lottery Corporation warned the boost would be short-lived. “It was the first time that players in Canada had seen those kinds of jackpots for that length of time and the ‘first time’ can only happen once.”

In addition to B.C., Manitoba and Quebec now offer online casino games like poker and blackjack. In Manitoba the government plans to lift a 20-year moratorium on video lottery terminals—a moratorium sparked by outrage over a rash of gambling-related suicides. Meanwhile, Health Canada was forced to take two casinos in Niagara Falls, Ont., to court to stop them from running a promotion that allowed gamblers to trade loyalty points for cigarettes—a perk the casinos argued they needed to stay competitive.

More changes are coming. Federally, an NDP private member’s bill aims to change the Criminal Code to allow for betting on single sporting matches—legally Canadians can only bet on a minimum of three games at a time. The bill sailed through the House of Commons only to face opposition from senators concerned it could lead to an explosion in sports-betting addictions. Professional sports teams also oppose it, saying it opens the door to match-fixing.

Yet despite the social and economic costs of the provinces’ big bets on gambling, Williams warns it will be nearly impossible for them to wean themselves off the easy money. “If any province suddenly declared gambling illegal, they would see a pretty significant economic loss to other provinces or to the States because you’ve created this culture of gambling,” says Williams. And as any addict can tell you, once you’re hooked, it can be awfully hard to stop.

http://www.macleans.ca/economy/business/doubling-down-2/

--------------

MADD CANADA- CAPE BRETON REGIONAL POLICE CREATED THIS SAFE GRAD- VIDEO- TEARS AND PRAYERS...TEARS AND PRAYERS- we love our grads- love u so much-pls don`t drink n drive

JUST ONE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvwMBgGnSvo&feature=youtu.be

MADD CANADA- CAPE BRETON REGIONAL POLICE CREATED THIS SAFE GRAD- VIDEO- TEARS AND PRAYERS...TEARS AND PRAYERS- we love our grads- love u so much-pls don`t drink n drive

BLOGGED:

F**kING DRUNK DRIVERS- kill u by day or night and the mourning after- Nova Scotia Canada- Stop It!- Natasha Hope-Simpson- the face of damage by drunk hit and run driver- watch this be proven/NATASHA HOPE-SIMPSON MIRACLES UPDATES

UPDATE MARCH 29- WE LOVE U NATASHA

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/12/nova-scotia-canada-hit-run-drivers.html

BLOGGED:

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Aug6 Pg2-/One the receiving end DUI -drs.families.police..communities $$$$14Billion a year/ Drunk/Drugged Drivers r killing more Canadians and ruining more families than Guns- CHECH OLD NEWS- People Mag 1983- and Canada old news- weary and tired of lax rules- night before n mourning after- COME ON CANADA!!!/bullying -bullycides- help lines 4u

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/08/canada-military-news-aug6-pg2-one.html

blogged

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Aug6 Pg2/DUI cost $$$ 14Billion a year Canada-Peoplennews80sDUI/BULLYhlplines 4kids of abuse/kids matter

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/08/canada-military-news-aug6-pg2-one.html

--------------------

MADD.... 2 many dying being beaten 2 death over liquor abuse... so why is Nova Scotia government the Pimp 4 booze, gambling and tobacco in Nova Scotia??

1. -----

2. About NSLC

www.mynslc.com/Content.../Content_Footer/.../AboutNSLC.aspx - Cached

By the 1960's there were 62 stores across Nova Scotia and the face of the NSLC ... NSLC history, is the mandate to manage the sale of beverage alcohol in a ...

About NSLC

You are here / Vous êtes ici : HomeFooterAbout NSLC

The NSLC – Past, Present and Future

The Past

The NSLC story begins in the late 1920’s – when Nova Scotians voted in favour of retailing beverage alcohol. This movement paved the way for the establishment of the Nova Scotia Liquor Commission on May 1, 1930.

Back in the day, shopping at the NSLC wasn’t the kind of experience that it is today. Stores resembled banks with sales clerks behind metal wickets and having a personal liquor permit was the only way to obtain any kind of beverage alcohol. Browsing was unheard of. Special offers were non-existent. Back then, stores were oddly discreet without exterior signage; the outlets were sterile and uninviting. A far cry from the NSLC we know today. Despite the disadvantages, by the end of 1930, the NSLC had grown to 33 stores across the province.

By the 1960’s there were 62 stores across Nova Scotia and the face of the NSLC began to change. Stores started to transform from counter style stores to the self serve concept. Store-front signs became the norm and in 1965 the personal liquor permit was eliminated.

The next decade was a decade of change. Customer demand fuelled the conversion of existing counter stores to the self serve concept. Reshaping continued in the 1980’s as customer’s sophistication increased and more products became available. In 1984, the NSLC opened the first Canadian airport liquor store. By the 1990’s, NSLC stores became increasingly convenient and customer friendly. Service delivery and innovation, backed by market research, led to a number of new initiatives and several firsts in the beverage alcohol industry. In 1991 NSLC conceived the Consumer Guide and In-store Customer Tasting program; in the following year the NSLC introduced the first drive through liquor store; and by 1993 the NSLC introduced another Canadian first: the liquor store within a grocery store. The decade proved triumphant.

The new millennium ignited significant change for the NSLC. In 2001, the NSLC changed from a Commission to a Crown Corporation. The shift broadened many elements, stimulating further developments. The NSLC became increasingly focused on customer service delivery and innovation and by 2004; the organization began developing its comprehensive strategy. In its execution the corporation was rebranded and the new NSLC was born.

The Present Today, there are 106 stores across the province, generating more than a half billion dollars annually. Stores continue to evolve as new concepts for layout, customer service and merchandising modernize. The NSLC shopping experience has come a long way over the last 80 years.

The NSLC has transformed from being a place to buy something to a place to shop. Consistent throughout NSLC history, is the mandate to manage the sale of beverage alcohol in a responsible manner.

The Future As the NSLC continues to grow you’re invited to experience the NSLC evolution. Online. In the community. And at your local NSLC store.

http://www.mynslc.com/Content_CommunicationsPages/Content_Footer/Content_Corporate/AboutNSLC.aspx

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PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA

Quick Links

Liquor

The responsibilities of the former Nova Scotia Liquor Licence Board were gradually assumed by the Alcohol & Gaming Division. These responsibilities include processing liquor licence applications and enforcing the Liquor Control Act.

The general public is likely most familiar with the liquor processes of Alcohol & Gaming through applications for Special Occasion Licences. These licences permit alcohol for such activities as festivals, weddings, fund-raisers, and community celebrations.

Licences

Beverage Room

Anyone who wants to operate a pub style facility in Nova Scotia serving beer and wine only (no hard liquor).

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 5 and 6.

· Form: Permanent Liquor Licence - Application [

- 193.32 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Beverage Room

Cabaret

Anyone who wants to provide liquor service for a "large scale" establishment in Nova Scotia featuring high-quality live entertainment. ("Large scale" usually means capacity above 400 people)

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 69.

· Form: Permanent Liquor Licence - Application [

- 193.32 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Cabaret

Catering

Anyone who holds an Liquor Licence: Eating Establishment, and who wants to provide food and liquor service for events held outside of their own premises, but located in their city, town, or municipality.

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 1, 2, 3 and 35.

· Form: Caterer Extension - Application [

- 59.39 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Caterer Extension

Clubs

Any organizations with club facilities that want to provide liquor service for members and their guests.

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11 and 60.

· Form: Club Liquor Licence - Application [

- 214.14 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Club

Eating Establishment

All restaurants in Nova Scotia that want to provide beer, wine and other liquors to accompany meals.

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 5, 6, 12, 57, 58, 59, 70, 71 and 72.

· Form: Permanent Liquor Licence - Application [

- 193.32 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Eating Establishment

Ferment-on-Premises

Anyone who wants to offer u-vint and u-brew services to their customers.

· Form: Ferment-on-Premises - Application [

- 509.61 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Ferment-on-Premises

Special Occasion

Anyone who wishes to provide liquor service at private functions such as weddings, anniversaries, banquets where liquor is given away.

Groups who wish to provide liquor service for private or public events to be used as community fund raisers where liquor will be resold.

The following list outlines requirements needed prior to issuance of a Special Occasion Licence for an outdoor event:

       a. Licensed area will be restricted to a tent, or suitably enclosed area (i.e. area must be enclosed by minimum 4' fencing)
       b. Provincial Fire Marshal's approval is required whenever a tent is being used
       c. A diagram or sketch of the location where the event will be held, showing tent/enclosed area, washrooms, etc.
       d. If an admission is being charged, the applicant is responsible to obtain a Place of Amusement Licence from Alcohol & Gaming

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 36 to 43 inclusive.

· Form: Special Occasion Licence - Application [

- 85.63 kb]

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Special Occasion

Special Premises

Anyone who wants to provide liquor service but whose nature of business does not allow them to qualify for any of the other forms of liquor licensing. This form of licensing is usually restricted to community facilities and hotels.

Pertinent Sections of Liquor Licensing Regulations: sections 5, 6 and 14.

· Form: Please contact the Alcohol & Gaming Division directly for application information.

· More Information (including fees): Liquor Licence: Special Premises

http://www.novascotia.ca/sns/access/alcohol-gaming/liquor.asp

---------------

Liquor Stores in Nova Scotia

Manta has 112 companies under Liquor Stores in Nova Scotia

All Company Listings

Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation

Gd
Arichat, NS Canada

Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation

6141 Young St
Halifax, NS Canada

http://www.manta.com/world/North+America/Canada/Nova+Scotia/liquor_stores--B6399/?pg=2

Canada[edit]

All provinces except Alberta and British Columbia have government-owned retail liquor monopolies. Alberta has only privately owned liquor stores. British Columbia has both private and government-owned retail liquor outlets.
Due to federal law, all provincial liquor boards must act as the first importer of alcoholic beverages.^[5][6]

Alberta - Only liquor stores may sell alcoholic beverages in urban areas, but unlike other provinces they are all privately owned and operated. Recently the province has allowed supermarkets to open attached liquor stores, but with separate entrances. Urban gasoline (petrol) stations and convenience stores may also have attached liquor stores but with separate entrances and ownership. In areas without another liquor retailer within a 15 km radius, any licensed retailer may sell beer, wine, and liquor, including convenience stores, general stores, and gasoline (petrol) stations. The AGLC has retained its monopoly over the wholesaling of imported beer, wine and distilled spirits, although the distribution of these products is done by a private contractor.

British Columbia - Alcoholic beverages may be sold only:

in privately owned retail stores (stores can only be operated by primary liquor license holders, such as bars, pubs and hotels, but the stores can be located off site)
in government-owned stores,
in rural government-appointed liquor agencies (which may be a gas station or convenience store).
There are also VQA (Vintners Quality Alliance) wine stores, which are privately owned. These stores only sell only British Columbia wines that have the VQA designation; these wines are sold at the same price as in the government liquor stores. There are also a limited number of private wine shops, which can sell both British Columbia and non-British Columbia wines.
In 2012 British Columbia announced it planned to fully privatize liquor wholesale distribution by 2015. In September 2012 the initiative to privatize liquor wholesale distribution was cancelled, a term agreed upon during contract negotiations with the BCGEU.

Manitoba - Only hotels may sell chilled domestic beer. Beer, Wine, and Liquor only sold by government owned Liquor Marts. There are also a limited number of private wine retailers in Manitoba as well.

New Brunswick - Only government owned liquor stores or rural government appointed liquor agencies may sell beer, wine, and liquor. However, breweries and cottage wineries may sell directly to the public if licensed to do so.

Newfoundland and Labrador - Convenience Stores may sell beer that is brewed locally. Wine, liquor and imported beer is only sold by government owned liquor stores, or rural government appointed liquor agencies.

Nova Scotia - In the past, only the provincially-owned NSLC (Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation) could sell liquor products, including hard liquor, wine, and beer. Many NSLC locations are connected to grocery stores. Over the past five years, the NSLC began to allow a limited number of small private agency stores to operate in rural areas where there is not a NSLC location.

Ontario - Brewers Retail Inc. (operating as The Beer Store), originally owned by a co-operative of Ontario brewers but now owned by multinational brewers mostly based outside Canada, is the only privately owned entity that can sell beer. Only the provincially-owned Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) may sell hard liquor or wine, though it also sells beer, particularly in small markets that Brewers Retail does not serve. There are also a limited number of privately owned specialty wine stores: Wine Rack, run by Vincor International and The Wine Shop (formerly Vineyards Estate Wines), run by Andres Wines. The province allows Ontario wineries to maintain a fixed number of off-site retail locations under a clause that was grandfathered into legislation when the Canada-US free-trade agreement came into effect in 1989, and further allowed by WTO regulations implemented in 1995. Ontario is the only province where a winery is able to form a partnership with a department store to operate such retail locations.^[7][8]

Prince Edward Island - Only government owned liquor stores may sell beer, wine, and liquor.

Québec - Only the provincially-owned Société des alcools du Québec (SAQ) may sell hard liquor. Wine (that is bottled in Québec or distributed through a Québec representative) and beer (that is brewed in Québec or imported beer that is distributed by a local brewer) can be purchased at dépanneurs (corner stores) and supermarkets.

Saskatchewan - Only hotels, government-owned stores, and rural private/government liquor stores (i.e., private contractors) may sell beer, wine, and liquor.

1. NS - MADD Canada

madd.ca/media/docs/maddcanadachapterlist_ns.pdf - Cached - Similar

Nova Scotia Chapters and Community Leaders (CL). Chapters and Community. Leaders. Address. Contact Info. Contact Person. MADD Annapolis Valley.

1. MADD Canada

www.madd.ca/ - Cached - Similar

Are you a victim of impaired driving? Online Store ... The Story. MADD Canada delivers the real statistics in the on-going battle to stop impaired driving.

‎Contact Us - ‎Local Chapters - ‎Donate Now! - ‎What we do

1. MADD Canada - Youth and Impaired Driving

www.madd.ca/.../en/impaired_driving/impaired_driving_youth.html - Cached - Similar

Although young people are the least likely to drive impaired, the ones who do are ... and some parents, have that driving under the influence of cannabis is safer ...

Billy Currington's friend....Gary Allen... one of the saddest song... about youth... drinking/drugging and driving....PLEASE DON'T DRINK/DRUG AND DRIVE... please

Gary Allan - Don't Tell Mama I Was Drinking

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUpf8GqoAYQ

Entity: UMG Content Type: Sound Recording ( NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGMENT INTINDED ) A very sad but o so real song !! How many lives have been lost due to drunk driving?? The last picture tell the story "IT'S NOT WORTH IT " so please don't drink and drive

------------------

Billy Currington's life... and his country music debut "Walk A little Straighter Daddy..... says more about it all... and touched children and youngbloods from ANON etc. than any song or video... it's the truth music... raw... real and righteous... and billy currington nails it.... with a song... he started writing this song that stole our hearts.... and broke them... at 12 years of age...

Boy have I been there.... on both sides of the table.... this simple stunning song and that 'voice'... and that billy currington with the southern soul that only can be born to you.... Georgia's backwoods country boy.... told it like it is.... for all the youngbloods.... who know real and raw... and the truth song.... Billy Currington will always have tarnished angels like him.... for fans..... because we walked.... his talk.... and lived to tell the tale....

Billy Currington- WALK A LITTLE STRAIGHTER DADDY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1no7Or9BeI

-------------------

CLASSIFIED TEACHES US ALL A LESSON WITH THIS INCREDIBLE SONG..... OF THE FACT.... THAT LIFE WORKS .... IF U WORK IT....and all the bullshit and beans that get dumped on u- and that shitty life u grow/n up in2- .... raise up baby...... you can overcome and empower yourself ....oh yes u can....Classified carved these words in stone on the hearts of us all .... who have lived this... and actually survived broken, tattered, tarnished angel wings all.... and God holds us closer, loves us deeply... and we aren NEV-A alone...

...BY THE BY... our David Myles.... Canada's Lyle Lovett and Buddy Holly ....also wrapped up in Canada's Flag joins Classified...proving that a brilliant song and brilliant voices... and imagination.....can truly inspire.... DON'T U EVER GIVE UP..

(cried- seen it...and lived it)....

Classified - The Day Doesn't Die

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZH3VXyIWL8

---------------------

AND THOSE SUFFERING FROM ABUSIVE PARENTS ESPECIALLY.... DRINKING AND DRUGGING ABUSE...... PLEASE KNOW WE LOVE U SO MUCH....and walked this talk like so many of billy currington's tarnished angels...... thinking if we were just a little more perfect.... the adults who own us.... would perhaps love us just a little better.... and protect us from mind rape deliberate cruelty, physical torture.... and sexual abuse....... because children and youth are truly God's innocents here on earth.....

TARNISHED ANGELS OF BROKEN YOUTH... are nev-a going to be perfect- but we're better than our parents and caregivers were... and their's before them.... break the chain of abuse- ONE BILLION RISING..

For each an every youngblood.... please know millions and millions of us love and support you.... you are NOT throwaway toys or trashdrops.... each and every one of you is a treasure as individual and as beautiful as a raindrop with the sun sparkling on it so beautifuly it takes our breath away...... each and every one of you are 'would be' artists, musicians, poets, scientists, inventors, spiritual guiders, history and keepers of the written word... so many things... all things... and we love you... admire you.... please don't give up on us.... we need you terribly. Thank you Jimmy Wayne.... and all your friends along the way..... lonliness and hoplessness and despair knows no race, colour, creed or orientiation... it's just a soul stealer..... let's take back our world ... and our beautiful youngbloods.... each and every one...

IT'S NOT WHERE YOU'VE BEEN- IT'S WHERE YOU'RE GOING

jimmy wayne's walk - MEET ME HALFWAY- WALK 4 HOMELESS ABUSED KIDS.... OVER 3 MILLION NOW IN U.S.A.

AND...

Knixcountry.com Supports Jimmy Wayne

Jimmy Wayne.mov (Please help homeless kids and youngbloods- USA 1.7 Million 2010- NOW OVER 3,000,000 (much higher/Canada hundreds of thousands and so on)

video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0mOjYAllQo

SOMETIMES- CLEAN AND SOBER- YA JUST HAVE TO MOVE ON...

Sometimes the only way to be free of the drugs/drunks is to move on..... And unfortunately..... the Christmas season and Graduations r the hardest for so many

"I'm Movin' On" - Rascal Flatts Official Music Video- RASCAL FLATTS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1bxlDAjGCo

---

NOVA SCOTIA AND CANADA PIMPING GAMBLING- History[edit]

Atlantic Lottery Corporation

The headquarters of ALC in downtown Moncton

The winners parking spots at the ALC headquarters in Moncton

ALC was founded in 1976, shortly after the founding of government lotteries elsewhere in Canada. While ALC's first games were only played on a regional basis, it quickly joined the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation, which offered national draws.
ALC has been seen by some as an innovator in lottery technology. In 1988, they became the first lottery organization in the world to print a bar code on all draw and scratch tickets, allowing for instant verification of a prize. In 1990, they introduced the first legal video lottery terminals in Canada. The introduction of PlaySphere in 2004, they allowed users to play the lottery over the Internet, another first.
In 2007, Atlantic Lottery was named one of Canada's Top 100 Employers, as published in Maclean's magazine, the only provincial gaming authority to receive this honour.^[1]
Since 1976, ALC has awarded more than $5.5 billion in prizes and paid out $5.9 billion in profits to its four shareholders.

Games and products[edit]

Draw Games:

Lotto 6/49 (national) — draws every Wednesday and Saturday
Lotto Max (national) — draws every Friday (replaced Lotto Super 7 in September 2009)
Tag (a 6-digit number attached to other draw tickets)
Atlantic 49 (a regional draw played in conjunction with Lotto 6/49 that uses the same format) — top prize is always $1,000,000.
Pik 4 (a "mini-Keno" draw using the Lotto 6/49 numbers)
Keno Atlantic
Atlantic PayDay (a draw of 4 numbers out of 70 in which the top prize is an annuitized $500,000 paid out two weeks at a time)
Bucko (played three lines at a time with a possibility of combination wins) — Draws everyday with a top prize of $20,000.
Shabam! ( a draw of five numbers out of 35, top prize of 15,000 drawn daily)

Sports betting:

Pro-Line
Over-Under
Props
Pools
Spreads

Other conventional games:

Scratch-n-Win (scratch tickets, including recurring draws such as Set For Life)
Breakopen (Pull-tabs)
Video lottery terminals

Internet-based games:

PlaySphere (allows for draw games and sports betting to take place over the Internet)

ALC also owns the Red Shores Racetrack and Casino at Charlottetown Driving Park. The facility includes harness racing, slot machines and poker tables and is located in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. It also runs Red Shores at Summerside Raceway in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.

Community involvement[edit]

The ALC is a sponsor of the Atlantic Canadian Peter Gzowski Invitational (also known as PGI) since 2002. PGI is an annual golf tournament to increase literacy.
Atlantic Lottery Corporation has supported the Canada Games for more than 30 years.
The ALC also supported the 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Lottery_Corporation

AND......

NOVA SCOTIA- WOMEN’S ABUSE HELP CENTRE – BECAUSE OF WEAK LOTO LAWS- HAVE $$$$STOLEN BY GREED

Regulator: ‘Nothing wrong’ with selling, buying back lottery home

DAVENE JEFFREY STAFF REPORTER
Published January 22, 2015 - 6:24pm

uilder Kris Martin has said she sold a furnished home to Bryony House for $1,075,000. Once the house was awarded, Martin bought it from the winners, making an apparent profit of $455,000. There was nothing wrong in those actions, a provincial official said Thursday. (Staff / File)

A woman who sold a new home to Bryony House’s lottery for over $1 million and then bought it back from the winner for $620,000 did nothing wrong, the province’s gaming regulator says.

A Dartmouth woman filed a formal complaint and several concerned people contacted the province when it became public that the builder of the Bryony House Dare to Dream lottery home had made the deals.

Kris Martin has said she sold the furnished home to Bryony House for $1,075,000. Once the house was awarded, Martin bought it from the winners, making an apparent profit of $455,000.

“There’s nothing wrong with that,” said John MacDonald, executive director of the Alcohol and Gaming Division of Service Nova Scotia.

The winner was free to do anything, including selling the house back to the builder, MacDonald said during an interview Thursday.

In fact, none of the province’s guidelines or regulations controlling lotteries were violated, MacDonald said.

But it is taking a while to wrap up the lottery. The tickets were drawn Nov. 14 and, according to provincial regulations, Bryony House had until Dec. 14 to submit its financial report to the province. However, it has been given an extension to March 14 to submit paperwork.

The holdup has been over a “contractual dispute,” MacDonald said.

There have been reports that Bryony House wouldn’t end up making a cent from the lottery.

Lottery manager Maria Sancho has insisted she’s owed about nine per cent of the total ticket sales, which she said was about $2.2 million.

Last week, the Halifax Transition House Association, which runs Bryony House, announced it had hired a law firm because “of many false statements that have been made, as well as the demand for payment of management fees.”

Because of possible legal proceedings, the association refuses to make further comment.

A lawyer for Bryony House could not be reached Thursday.

The lottery was plagued with problems almost from the start. First, ticket sales were low. Then some tickets had to be refunded when there were concerns the house might not be able to be raffled and a cash prize would be substituted.

Running a home lottery is a big gamble, MacDonald said.

“These are risky propositions. … There can be great reward but there can also be great risk, and that’s not something we can really mitigate.”

For almost 12 years, the QEII Foundation has successfully run 23 home lotteries. Foundation president and CEO Bill Bean acknowledged the contests are expensive to run, and a lot of money is spent hiring professionals like accountants, marketers and lottery consultants.

“We have to invest money to make money,” Bean said.

The draws operate on a 30-40-30 model, with 30 per cent of revenue going to administration costs, 40 per cent paying for prizes and 30 per cent going to the foundation and the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre.

The foundation regularly surpasses that target, with well over 30 per cent of ticket sales going back into the hospital, Bean said. The foundation annually contributes about $20 million to the QEII, and about 24 per cent of that comes from the home lotteries, he said.

The foundation puts out tenders for the prize homes. Bean said his organization discusses with builders the expectation that the lottery is conducted with integrity.

About 50 per cent of the QEII Foundation’s home winners keep the prize and the rest sell, he said, but not to the builder.

“It’s never happened in 12 years.”

The foundation’s lotteries are so popular and so well done, it’s pretty hard to compete, said Halifax’s Fred MacGillivray.

About seven or eight years ago, when MacGillivray was serving as board chairman of the Mental Health Foundation of Nova Scotia, he looked into putting on a home lottery.

“It’s not for the faint hearted,” he said.

Organizations need to have a lot of resources at their disposal, he said.

After analyzing the market, MacGillivray said the board decided a home lottery wasn’t in the cards.

“There’s only so much room in the market.”

MacGillivary had been involved in a number of home lotteries, first with Metro United Way in 1992 and then with Saint Mary’s University. In the ones he was involved with, MacGillivray said he never saw a builder purchase a home from the winner.

The United Way had the first home lottery in the province, and it was a big event, with the house being built in a day, he said.

The winner still lives in the house, according to MacGillivary.

The charity put on a number of other home lotteries but eventually gave up, said the United Way’s Carole McDougall.

Too many resources were tied up dealing with tenders and contractors, and the board decided to focus more on work in the community, McDougall said.

As well, more competition was being seen in the lottery field, she said.

http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1264844-regulator-%E2%80%98nothing-wrong%E2%80%99-with-selling-buying-back-lottery-home

VOICE OF THE PEOPLE-

LOTTERY LETDOWN

Words cannot describe how disappointed our family is concerning the Byrony House lottery fiasco. We purchased $300 in tickets only to see it disappear into unknown pockets and not to the charity it was destined for.

I would have gladly sent the money directly to Byrony House with no strings attached if I had known this was going to happen. Those involved should hang their heads in shame.

Bob and Maggie Doucett, Dar tmouth

AND..

BYRONY HOUSE- WHERE HOPE LIVES...

where hope LIVES

Bryony House provides a safe shelter and support services for women and families impacted by intimate partner violence and abuse; most importantly, we save lives.

Statement in Relation to the Dare to Dream Lottery

January 15, 2015

The Halifax Transition House Association (Bryony House) worked closely with the Nova Scotia Gaming Division throughout the lottery to ensure the Dare to Dream Lottery met all Gaming regulations. The Association continues this relationship and welcomes any possible review. We are completely confident in the Association’s financial accounting of the lottery and the oversight of the ticket issuance and draw control that was completed by Deloitte.

The Association has obtained the legal services of Patterson Law in the lottery matter as a result of many false statements that have been made, as well as the demand for payment of management fees. The Association will not be making any further media statements in light of the possibility of legal proceedings.

We would like to thank the community for your continued support. We also thank you for believing in the important work we do in helping women and children impacted by intimate partner violence.

http://bryonyhouse.ca/

1. Download pdf for printing - VLTs: Nova Scotia's Billion Dollar Gamble

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Nineteen thousand Nova Scotians have some level of gambling problem. .... not disclose that gambling was the reason for huge credit card or other debts.

1. Letter from Wolfville Quakers re VLTs

waicc.org/wp-content/uploads/.../Wolfville_Quakers_on_VLTs.pdf - Cached

27 Jul 2005 ... John F. Hamm, Premier of Nova Scotia ... From early days, gambling has been seen as inimical to this because it ... however, is that operation of VLTs in the province creates huge expenses not only to Social Services, ... have a ban on gambling and have no serious social problem with illegal operations.

1. BC's Sinister Drive to Recruit More Gamblers | The Tyee

thetyee.ca/.../BC_Government_Sinister_Drive_To_Recruit_More_Gamblers/ - Cached

11 Oct 2014 ... Broken Promise on Gambling Suicides ... The Great Canadian Gaming casino has been allowed to serve alcohol to a maximum 132 ... Drinking gamblers make poorer decisions and lose more money. .... political ranger.

1. Best Advice for Preventing Gambling Problems in Nova Scotia

novascotia.ca/.../addictions/.../Best-Advice-for-Preventing-Gambling-Problems-in-Nova-Scotia.pdf - Cached

Nova Scotia Department of Health Promotion and Protection. Addiction Services ..... programs) have dominated problem gambling prevention activity in this country and .... determines to a large extent the kinds of efforts proposed to prevent the ...

1. Seniors and Gambling: A Hidden Problem? - Community Links

www.nscommunitylinks.ca/publications/SeniorsandGambling.pdf - Cached - Similar

reach and help seniors who are at risk or who have gambling problems is through ... The “Seniors and Gambling Project” was funded by the Nova Scotia Gaming ... undertaking both large and small projects and efforts which engage seniors.

Problem gambling in B.C. more than doubled in 5 years

Over 31,000 problems gamblers in B.C. as of 2007, says Provincial Health Officer

The Canadian Press Posted: Oct 17, 2013 8:12 AM PT Last Updated: Oct 17, 2013 11:56 AM PT

The number of severely-addicted gamblers in British Columbia has more than doubled while the provincial government has taken in billions in gaming revenue, according to a new report from the Provincial Health Officer.
The concerning figures have prompted B.C. medical health officer Dr. Perry Kendall to call for more government investment in gambling prevention and treatment programs.
The report, released Wednesday, analyzed data collected between 2002 and 2007. It showed that even though gambling activities have generally declined, the number of people with a severe gambling problem has risen from 13,000 to 31,000.
Annual gross gaming revenue for the provincial government has steadily increased between 2002 and 2012, going from $1.14 billion to $2.06 billion.

Addiction a public health concern

The percentage of problem gamblers among the people surveyed for the report remains relatively low at .9 per cent, Kendall said.
However, that figure increased from .4 per five years earlier, which suggests that more money is coming from a small group of problem gamblers who could become a public health concern, Kendall explained.
"Not very many people get hospitalized with a diagnosis of problem gambling, but if they do, they have considerably higher costs than somebody who doesn't have that diagnosis," he told reporters Wednesday.

Annual gross gaming revenue in B.C. has steadily increased between 2002 and 2012, going from $1.14 billion to $2.06 billion annually. Over the five-year period from 2002 to 2007, gambling activities generally declined, but the number of people in B.C. with a severe gambling problem rose from 13,000 to 31,000. (The Associated Press)

"They also have considerable overlap with mental health and addictions problems."
The study also showed that the number of electronic gaming machines, such as slot machines or electronic Bingo, has increased by over 210 per cent in the last decade.
Dr. Gerald Thomas, with the Centre of Addictions Research of British Columbia, helped write the report and said more machines lead to riskier gambling behaviour.
"One of the inducements in high-risk machines, for example, is near misses," he said.
"So you have three little things turning there, and all of a sudden it will show you that you've almost got the three, you've got two out of the three. Those kinds of inducements are designed to keep people at these machines and playing."
While the B.C. government has implemented various problem gambling prevention and treatment programs, it spends less than the national average of gaming revenue per capita on the issue, said the report.

Province ups gambling help

In 2012, the province allocated $5.6 million, or 0.5 per cent of its gaming revenue, to problem gambling treatment. However, only a small percentage of problem gamblers took advantage of the intervention initiatives.
Finance Minister Mike de Jong said that the province and B.C. Lottery Corporation has invested in a number of treatment programs this year, including more than $20 million in various responsible-gambling programs that include clinical counselling and awareness campaigns.
B.C. Lottery Corporation's net income is redistributed by the provincial government each year to charities, local organizations, and used for health care or social services.
"Before further increasing spending for problem gambling programs and services, we're going to review the outcomes of our current programs to ensure that we're meeting the needs of our population," said de Jong in the written statement.
Kendall's report lists 17 recommendations to reduce the risk of problem gambling, including placing signs that show the risk rating of electronic gaming machines, reducing the number of machines, and restricting access to alcohol in gaming facilities.
The report comes in the wake of a proposal by Las Vegas-based Paragon Development Ltd. to develop a $535-million casino resort next to BC Place Stadium in Vancouver.
The so-called "urban resort" still needs to be approved by the City of Vancouver, but it is expected to include two luxury hotels, a conference centre, restaurants, spa and retail space, as well as incorporate an existing casino.

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/problem-gambling-in-b-c-more-than-doubled-in-5-years-1.2101052

NOVA SCOTIA PIMPING TOBACCO- THEN SUCKING $$$$ TAX DOLLARS...

History

http://www.imperialtobaccocanada.com/groupca/sites/imp_7vsh6j.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7VXM2Z/$FILE/medMD882P74.JPG?openelement

Imperial Tobacco Canada has been a leader in the tobacco industry for over 100 years.

Imperial Tobacco Canada has a history that goes back over 100 years in Canada.

Our industry and company have changed a great deal over the years, as have the views of Canadians on tobacco.

1908

Imperial Tobacco Company of Canada is established in St. Henri district, Montreal.

1970

The holding company IMASCO is created. Imperial Tobacco Canada becomes a subsidiary, with British American Tobacco owning 41.5 per cent of IMASCO.

2000

Imperial Tobacco Canada becomes a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of British American Tobacco when British American Tobacco acquires the remaining 58.5 per cent shares of IMASCO.

2002

New Imperial Tobacco Canada head office opens.

2003

Imperial Tobacco Canada closes its Montreal plant and green leaf threshing plant in Aylmer, Ontario.

2005

Imperial Tobacco Canada announces it will move its tobacco manufacturing to Mexico and plans to close facilities in Guelph (2006) and Aylmer (2007).

2006

Imperial Tobacco Canada moves to a Direct to Store Sales distribution model.

2008

Imperial Tobacco Canada celebrates 100 years.

2013

Support of Terracycle Cigarette Waste Management Brigade Program

http://www.imperialtobaccocanada.com/groupca/sites/IMP_7VSH6J.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7VXM2Z?opendocument&SKN=1

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Prepared by:
Mollie Dunsmuir
Law and Government Division
December 1998

General

When Europeans first explored the New World, they found the Aboriginal inhabitants smoking tobacco leaves, and apparently deriving therapeutic benefits and pleasure from this activity. By the 17th century, European physicians were prescribing tobacco in various forms for medicinal purposes. Even after it was realized that these "cures" were ineffective, tobacco grew in popularity. In the 20th century, cigarettes and pipes came to be associated with sophistication, leisure and affluence; films and advertisements helped to popularize smoking and to develop its connotations of glamour. While smoking was traditionally associated with masculinity, in the past several decades advertisers began to court the female market successfully. Only recently, when its links with various health problems were discovered, did smoking begin to decline in popularity in western industrialized countries.

Reports linking cigarette smoking with cancer began to appear in the 1920s, but it was not until after World War II that deaths from lung cancer became so numerous that systematic follow-up studies were initiated. Researchers’ efforts to establish causation were constrained by the fact that the most serious ill-effects of cigarette smoking may take 10 years or more to appear. By the early 1960s, however, the risks of lung cancer were found to be substantially higher for cigarette smokers than for non-smokers, as were the risks of coronary disease and stroke. The accumulating evidence of the ill-effects of smoking was publicized by the Royal College of Physicians in London in 1962, Health and Welfare Canada in 1963, and the Surgeon General of the United States in 1964.

Over the past few decades, four separate concerns have driven the anti-tobacco lobby: the dangers of smoking for the smoker; the dangers of second-hand smoke for those who must live or work in the vicinity of tobacco smoking; costs of smoking-related illness to the public health system; and, increasingly, youth smoking and the resulting creation of a new generation of smoking-related diseases.

The health dangers of tobacco have become increasingly well known. For example, smoking can cause lung cancer and various lung diseases that seriously impair breathing, as well as other cancers and heart damage. Although the reported rates of smoking-attributable diseases and death can vary with the methodology used, a 1995 study published by Health Canada reported that the total number of smoking-related deaths in Canada in 1991 was 45,064 and suggested that the number of such deaths in the year 2000 would be 46,910.(1)

After research results confirming the negative effects of second-hand smoke became public, perceptions of smoking changed considerably. The social costs of illnesses caused by second-hand smoke and the lost work time from smoke-related ailments were publicized and there were a growing number of complaints to workers’ compensation boards and human rights commissions about smoke in the work environment. Smoking became increasingly viewed as socially unacceptable and many felt that it should be the object of government intervention and regulation as a serious health risk.

The research on the effects of passive smoking remains controversial, however; a 1995 Congressional Research Service Report pointed out that, though the Office of the Surgeon General and the Environmental Protection Agency believe evidence shows that exposure to passive smoke brings a small, but real, risk of lung cancer, this conclusion is questioned by industry, some researchers, and others.(2)

As the estimates of smoking-related deaths and illness rose, increasing attention was paid to the costs of smoking to society. In the United States, this led a number of state governments, as well as the Blue Cross and Blue Shield, to bring lawsuits against the tobacco companies in an attempt to recover the costs of public health care necessitated by cigarette smoking. At least one provincial government has enacted legislation allowing for similar action.(3)

As with most aspects of cigarette smoking, estimates of what it costs the public health care system vary widely. Health Canada, in a 1997 study,(4) found that in Canada 1991 costs attributable to smoking were: $2.5 billion for health care, $1.5 billion for residential care, $2 billion due to workers’ absenteeism, $80 million due to fires and $10.5 billion due to loss of future income as a result of premature death. However, as other commentators note, individuals contribute to the health system through taxes long before a smoking-related illness appears and premature deaths attributable to smoking will actually reduce some government expenditures that would otherwise be necessary.(5)

Increasingly, societal concern has focused on youth smoking, which is widely accepted to be rising, especially among teenage girls; research suggests that nicotine addiction becomes more difficult to break the earlier one starts smoking. The focus of anti-tobacco legislation has increasingly shifted to preventing teenage smoking through education, higher prices and restrictions on "life-style" advertising.

Chronology of Tobacco-Related Events in Canada to 1985

1670: New France’s Sovereign Council imposes duties on tobacco.

1676: New France’s residents are prohibited from smoking or carrying tobacco on the streets.

1739: Canada exports tobacco to France.

1858: Macdonald Tobacco is established in Montreal.

1878: House of Commons defeats resolution to abolish tobacco taxes.

1891: British Columbia prohibits the sale of tobacco to minors, followed by Ontario and Nova Scotia in 1891, New Brunswick in 1893, and Northwest Territories in 1896.

1906: Federal Department of Agriculture establishes the Tobacco Branch.

1908: The Tobacco Restraint Act makes it illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under 16 years of age.

1912: Imperial Tobacco, established in 1908 through a merger of the American Tobacco Company and the Empire Tobacco Company, is incorporated.

1914: House of Commons Select Committee on Cigarette Evils conducts public hearings.

1927: First Canadian advertisement showing a woman smoking a cigarette appears in Montreal Gazette.

1950: Large-scale epidemiological studies showing a statistical association between lung cancer and smoking are published.

1952: Federal government reduces tobacco taxes in response to a rise in cigarette smuggling.

1954: Canadian Medical Association issues first public warning on the hazards of smoking.

1957: Ontario Flue-cured Tobacco Growers’ Marketing Board is established.

1961: Results published of major Health and Welfare study, initiated in 1954, on the effects of smoking on Canadian war veterans; 60% more deaths among cigarette smokers than non-smokers are reported, and an association is made between cigarette smoking and an increase in lung cancer and heart disease.

1962: Report of the Royal College of Physicians in London, England, provides research evidence of the harmful consequences of smoking.

1963: Federal Minister of Health and Welfare, Judy LaMarsh, drew attention to the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and chronic bronchitis.

Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Council is established.

1964: Report of the Advisory Committee to the United States Surgeon General concludes that lung cancer and chronic bronchitis are medical consequences of smoking.

Canadian tobacco industry adopts first voluntary code on marketing practices.

1965: Federal Department of National Health and Welfare commissions national survey on smoking.

1967: Federal Cabinet approves preparation of legislation to require statements of tar and nicotine levels on cigarette packages and in advertising; however, no bill is introduced.

1969: A report by the House of Commons Committee on Health, Welfare and Social Affairs (Isabelle Report) contained recommendations on restricting the advertising and promotion of tobacco products.

1970: In its first anti-smoking resolution, the World Health Assembly calls upon governments to act against smoking as an avoidable cause of death.

1971: The government introduces Bill C-248 to ban advertising of tobacco products; however, the bill is not debated. Instead, the tobacco industry and the government agree to voluntary guidelines.

1974: The Canadian Council on Smoking and Health and the Non-smokers’ Rights Association are founded.

1976: City of Ottawa passes first municipal bylaw restricting smoking in public places.

1978: Imasco acquires Shoppers Drug Mart.

1979: Nicotine gum is made available in Canada on a prescription basis.

1985: National Strategy to Reduce Tobacco Use is established with representation from federal, provincial and territorial governments and eight health organizations.

Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada is established.

Treasury Board announces voluntary guidelines for federal public servants on workplace smoking.

(1) Larry F. Ellison, Yan Mao and Laurie Gibbons, "Projected Smoking-attributable Mortality in Canada, 1991-2000," 16 Chronic Diseases in Canada (1995), at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/publicat/cdic/cdic162/cd162c_e.html.

(2) C. Stephen Redhead and Richard E. Rowberg, CRS Report for Congress, "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer Risk," 14 November 1995, at http://www.forces.org/evidence/files/crs11-95.htm.

(3) "Tobacco Facts: B.C. Fights Back," at http://www.tobaccofacts.org/govt-legalteam.html.

(4) Murray J. Kaiserman, "The Cost of Smoking in Canada, 1991, 18 Chronic Diseases in Canada (1997)," at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/publicat/cdic/cdic181/cd181c_e.html.

(5) Jane G. Gravelle and Dennis Zimmerman, "Cigarette Taxes to Fund Health Care Reform: An Economic Analysis," 8 March 1994, at http://www.forces.org/.

1. commercial tobacco in first nations & inuit communities

www.nsra-adnf.ca/.../Commercial_Tobacco_in_First_Nations_and_Inuit_Communities.pdf - Cached - Similar

What does the law say about First Nations and tobacco taxes? 17 ... Some issues, such as the sale of cheap cigarettes to both Aboriginals and ... impact cheap cigarettes have on Canada's tobacco control efforts for the overall .... inhale when smoking, as was holding their breath to keep the smoke in their lungs, to produce.

1. PDF]

Bill C-10 - Chiefs of Ontario

www.chiefs-of-ontario.org/.../03-27-2014%20-%20GCC%20Madahbee%20ltr%20to%20Members%20of%20Parlia... - Cached

27 Mar 2014 ... Nation citizens who buy, sell or trade First Nation tobacco products. To be clear, the ... it proposes to violate treaty laws in Canada, and would also be in violation of ... backs of First Nation citizens who have never relinquished their inherent rights to the land that they belong to. ... March 27,2014 ~ Page 2.

FIRST NATIONS PEOPLES RIGHT S ON THEIR LANDS AND TAXING – CANADA...

Fact Sheet - Taxation by Aboriginal Governments

This information is current as of February 2014 and is provided for convenience.

Tax Powers of Aboriginal Governments

During the past twenty-five years, many Aboriginal governments in Canada have enacted laws imposing direct taxes within their reserves or settlement lands. Aboriginal government taxes may include real property tax, sales tax, income tax and certain provincial-type commodity taxes. The powers for enacting real property tax by-laws are contained in both the Indian Act and the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA). Other tax powers are set out either in generic, enabling legislation, such as the First Nation Goods and Services Tax Act, or in the legislation that gives effect to modern treaties, comprehensive lands claims or self-government agreements.
The tax powers of an Aboriginal government apply within its reserves or settlement lands and operate concurrently with, and do not automatically displace, federal or provincial tax powers. Canada is prepared, however, to enter into an agreement with the government of an Aboriginal group under which federal taxes would be abated or cease to apply on the lands where the corresponding harmonized tax of the Aboriginal government applies. Many provinces and territories are also prepared to enter into similar agreements in respect of provincial or territorial taxes.
Specific questions regarding real property tax under the Indian Act or the FNFMA should be directed to the First Nations Tax Commission at (613) 789-5000. Questions about Aboriginal tax policy, the tax powers of self-governing Aboriginal groups, First Nations sales taxes and income tax should be directed to the Aboriginal Tax Policy Section of the Department of Finance Canada at (613) 992-3997 or by email to FNGSTinfo@fin.gc.ca.

Benefits of Taxation by Aboriginal Governments

Taxation is a characteristic feature of modern governments and the exercise of tax powers enhances Aboriginal self-government. Constituents of Aboriginal governments tend to be more interested in the expenditure decisions of their governments when expenditures involve locally generated revenues like tax rather than transfer revenues from other levels of government. Taxing governments tend to be more concerned about making the best possible expenditure decisions on behalf of their constituents.
The exercise of tax powers is also an important means for Aboriginal governments to generate their own, independent, revenues. Aboriginal government tax revenues are not federal transfer funds or "Indian monies" under the Indian Act. Accordingly, Aboriginal governments have wide discretion to apply tax revenues to their own priorities.
In 2008, the Institute on Governance published a policy research paper entitled: "In Praise of taxes: The Link Between Taxation and Good governance in the First Nations Context" which also discusses a number of benefits of taxation for Aboriginal governments. A shorter policy brief based on that paper, is also available.

Types of Aboriginal Government Taxes

First Nations Sales Tax (FNST) (Levied only by Indian Act bands)

The FNST is a tax that applies to on-reserve sales of alcoholic beverages, motor fuels or tobacco products. The FNST is imposed under the by-law of a taxing Indian Act band and is payable on all sales on reserve of the three types of taxed products. All persons, including status Indians and the general public, who purchase any of the taxed products from a business located on a reserve where the FNST applies, are liable for paying the tax. The rate of the FNST is the same as the rate of the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST) or the federal portion of the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST). The FNST is administered by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) on behalf of the taxing Indian Act band. The CRA acts as the agent of the taxing Indian Act band to collect and administer the tax and enforce the FNST by-law. As of February 2014, eight Indian Act bands are levying the FNST, which generates more than $6 million per year. Now that Indian Act bands are able to levy the FNGST, which is a similar tax that applies more broadly to the full range of products and services that are taxable under the GST, no new administration agreements for the FNST are being implemented.

First Nations Goods and Services Tax (FNGST) (Levied by Indian Act bands or Aboriginal Self-Governments)

The FNGST is a tax on the consumption that occurs within reserve or settlement lands. The FNGST is available for interested Indian Act bands and self-governing Aboriginal groups. The FNGST is imposed under the law of a taxing Aboriginal government and is payable on all the taxable supplies (sales and leases) that occur on the lands of the taxing Aboriginal group, including on supplies made to status Indians. The rate of the FNGST is the same as the rate of the GST or the federal portion of the HST. The CRA administers the FNGST on behalf of the taxing Aboriginal government and acts as the agent of the Aboriginal government for collecting and administering the tax and for enforcing the FNGST law. As of February 2014, a total of 26 Aboriginal governments have implemented the FNGST and additional agreements are currently being negotiated. As a group, the Aboriginal governments that have implemented the FNGST receive remittances that total approximately $11 million per year. In certain circumstances, remittances of FNGST may be subject to a revenue sharing mechanism.

First Nations Personal Income Tax (FNPIT) (Levied only by Aboriginal Self-Governments)

To date, 14 self-governing Aboriginal groups have enacted personal income tax laws and concluded related tax administration agreements with Canada. Where an administration agreement for personal income tax is in place, the income tax of the Aboriginal government is payable by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal residents within the lands where the law applies. An abatement of federal income tax is provided under federal law. As a group, the Aboriginal governments that have implemented personal income taxes receive approximately $18 million per year. In certain circumstances, remittances of FNPIT may be subject to a revenue sharing mechanism.
Some provincial and territorial governments share a portion of their personal income tax room with Aboriginal governments, either by providing a tax abatement which creates tax room for the imposition of an aboriginal tax, similar to Canada’s approach, or by directly sharing a portion of tax revenues.
The FNST, FNGST and FNPIT agreements are negotiated and implemented by the Department of Finance and administered by the Canada Revenue Agency. Specific questions regarding the FNST, FNGST and FNPIT should be directed to the Aboriginal Tax Policy section at the Department of Finance Canada.

Real Property Tax under the Indian Act or the First Nations Fiscal Management Act

Section 83 of the Indian Act provides a power for Indian Act bands to make by-laws for the taxation of land or interest in land in the reserve. Real property tax by-laws, enacted pursuant to section 83 of the Indian Act, are submitted for review to the First Nations Tax Commission (FNTC), which may recommend them to the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development for approval.
First Nations also have the ability to exercise real property tax powers pursuant to the 2005 First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA). In addition, the FNFMA established the FNTC, the successor institution to the Indian Taxation Advisory Board. The FNTC became operational in July 2007 and assumed the Minister's by-law approval authority under a more transparent and accountable system for Indian Act bands that choose to exercise real property tax powers pursuant to the FNFMA.
Currently, 58 First Nations levy taxes under section 83 of the Indian Act, while another 65 bands levy taxes under the FNFMA. Annual revenues from real property taxes were approximately $70 million in 2012-13.

Self-Government Agreements

The area of tax powers is also generally one of the subject matters addressed in self-government negotiations. Following the conclusion of self-government negotiations, many final agreements provide the Aboriginal government with the authority to impose direct taxes (e.g. real property tax, sales tax) on their citizens/members within their reserves or settlement lands. This tax authority is concurrent with the continuing tax authority of Canada and the province or territory. The final agreement also contemplates that the parties may negotiate agreements to extend the Aboriginal government's tax authority to "other persons" within its reserves or settlement lands, such as non-member residents. Thus, a number of Aboriginal self-governing groups in British Columbia have continued to exercise real property taxation powers following the conclusion of a self-government agreement but under the authority of their new self-government arrangement.
General questions about Aboriginal tax policy or the tax powers of self-governing Aboriginal groups should be directed to the Aboriginal Tax Policy section at the Department of Finance Canada.

Provincial-type Taxes (Indian Act bands or Aboriginal Self-Governments)

The federal government has repeatedly expressed its willingness to facilitate tax administration agreements between Indian Act bands and provinces or territories. In 2006, the First Nations Goods and Services Tax Act was amended to include Part 2, which enables the council of an Indian Act band that is listed in Schedule 2 to that act to enact a law that imposes a direct tax like a particular provincial tax, if the particular province agrees and is also listed in the Schedule. A number of Indian Act bands and Provinces have concluded such agreements.
In some provinces, the Aboriginal tax imposed under such an agreement displaces the provincial tax, and applies to all persons making a purchase on the reserve of the taxing Indian Act band. In other provinces, the Aboriginal tax applies only to status Indians, while the non-displaced provincial tax continues to apply to persons who are not status Indians. In all cases, however, all persons who purchase taxable supplies are taxed at the same rate.
In addition to these arrangements which are facilitated through the First Nations Goods and Services Tax Act, some other arrangements can exist between provinces or territories and Indian Act bands and Aboriginal self-governing groups. For example, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador shares with the Nunatsiavut Government part of the provincial portion of the HST that is collected within the lands and communities of the Nunatsiavut Government.

Annex

(Note – The information contained in this annex is current as of February 2014)

Aboriginal Governments with First Nations Sales Tax (FNST) Agreements
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
British Columbia (8)	Adams Lake Indian Band
	Chemainus First Nation
	Cowichan Tribes
	Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band
	Sliammon (Tla’amin) First Nation
	Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc (Kamloops) Indian Band
	Tzeachten First Nation
	Westbank First Nation

Aboriginal Governments with First Nations Goods and Services Tax (FNGST) Agreements
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
Newfoundland and Labrador (1)	Nunatsiavut Government (Labrador Inuit)*
Manitoba (1)	Buffalo Point First Nation
Saskatchewan (2)	Nekaneet First Nation
Saskatchewan (2)	Whitecap Dakota First Nation
British Columbia (9)	Akisqnuk First Nation
	Lower Kootenay Indian Band
	Matsqui First Nation
	Nisga’a First Nation*
	Shuswap First Nation
	St. Mary's Indian Band
	Tobacco Plains Indian Band
	Tsawout First Nation
	Tsleil-wauthuth First Nation
Yukon (11)	Carcoss Tagish First Nations*
	Champagne and Aishihik First Nations*
	First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun*
	Kluane First Nation*
	Kwanlin Dun First Nation*
	Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation*
	Selkirk First Nation*
	Ta'an Kwach'an Council*
	Teslin Tlingit Council*
	Tr'ondëk Hwech'in First Nation*
	Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation*
Northwest Territories (1)	Tlicho Government*

Aboriginal Governments with First Nations Personal Income Tax (FNPIT) Agreements
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
Newfoundland and Labrador (1)	Nunatsiavut Government (Labrador Inuit)*
British Columbia(1)	Nisga’a First Nation*
Yukon (11)	Carcoss Tagish First Nations*
	Champagne and Aishihik First Nations*
	First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun*
	Kluane First Nation*
	Kwanlin Dun First Nation*
	Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation*
	Selkirk First Nation*
	Ta'an Kwach'an Council*
	Teslin Tlingit Council*
	Tr'ondëk Hwech'in First Nation*
	Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation*
Northwest Territories (1)	Tlicho Government*

Aboriginal Governments levying Real Property Tax under Section 83 of the Indian Act
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
Nova Scotia (1)	Eskasoni Band
Quebec (1)	Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani Utenam
Manitoba (2)	Opaskwayak First Nation
Manitoba (2)	Pinaymootang First Nation
Saskatchewan (5)	Carry The Kettle First Nation
	Fishing Lake First Nation
	Muskowekwan First Nation
	Ocean Man First Nation
	Sweetgrass First Nation
Alberta (16)	Alexander First Nation
	Alexis First Nation
	Bigstone Cree First Nation
	Dene Tha' First Nation
	Enoch Cree Nation
	Fort McKay First Nation
	Fort McMurray First Nation
	Loon River Cree Nation
	Mikisew Cree First Nation
	O'Chiese First Nation
	Paul Indian Band
	Stoney Tribal Council
	Sturgeon Lake Indian Band
	Sucker Creek First Nation
	Tsuu T'ina Nation
	Whitefish Lake First Nation
British Columbia (33)	Ashcroft Indian Band
	Bonaparte Indian Band
	Boothroyd Indian Band
	Boston Bar First Nation
	Burns Lake Indian Band
	Cook's Ferry Indian Band
	Fort Nelson Indian Band
	Haisla (Kitamaat) Nation
	Kanaka Bar Indian Band
	Kitsumkalum First Nation
	Kwantlen First Nation
	Little Shuswap Indian Band
	Lower Similkameen Indian Band
	McLeod Lake Indian Band
	Musqueam Indian Band
	Nak'azdli Indian Band
	Nicomen Indian Band
	Scowlitz First Nation
	Siska Indian Band
	Skuppah Indian Band
	Snuneymuxw First Nation
	Soda Creek Indian Band
	Spuzzum Indian Band
	T'it'q'et First Nation
	Tl'azt'en Nation
	Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation
	Union Bar First Nation
	Upper Similkameen Indian Band
	West Moberly First Nation
	Westbank First Nation*
	Williams Lake Indian Band
	Yale First Nation
	Yekooche First Nation

Aboriginal Governments levying Real Property Tax under the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA)
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
Alberta (1)	Siksika Nation
BC (55)	Adams Lake Indian Band
	Aitchelitz First Nation
	Akisq’nuk First Nation
	Campbell River Indian Band
	Chawathil First Nation
	Cheam
	Coldwater Indian Band
	Cowichan Tribes
	Gitsegukla First Nation
	Gitwangak First Nation
	K’ómoks First Nation
	Kitselsa First Nation
	Kwaw-Kwaw-Apilt First Nation
	Leq’á:mel First Nation
	Lheidli T’enneh
	Lower Kootenay Indian Band
	Lower Nicola Indian Band
	Matsqui First Nation
	Metlakatla First Nation
	Moricetown Indian Band
	Mount Currie
	Nadleh Whut’en Band
	Neskonlith Indian Band
	Osoyoos Indian Band
	Penticton Indian Band
	Popkum First Nation
	Seabird Island Band
	Shackan First Nation
	Shuswap First Nation
	Shxw’ow’hamel First Nation
	Shxwhá:y Village First Nation
	Simpcw First Nation
	Skawahlook First Nation
	Skeetchestn Indian Band
	Skidegate First Nation
	Skowkale First Nation
	Sliammon First Nation
	Songhees First Nation
	Splatsin First Nation
	Squamish Nation
	Squiala First Nation
	St. Mary’s First Nation
	Sts’ailes
	Stz’uminus First Nation
	Sumas First Nation
	Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc (Kamloops) Indian Band
	Tla-o-qui’-aht First Nation
	Tobacco Plains Indian Band
	Tsarlip First Nation
	Tsawout First Nation
	Tsleil Wauthuh Nation
	T’Sou-ke First Nation
	Tzeachten First Nation
	We We Kai Nation
	Whispering Pines/Clinton Indian Band
New Brunswick (1)	Metepenagiag Mi’kmaq Nation
Nova Scotia (1)	Millbrook Band
Ontario (3)	Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (Telephone Tax)
	Nipissing First Nation (Telephone Tax)
	Serpent River First Nation (Telephone Tax)
Manitoba (1)	Buffalo Point First Nation
Saskatchewan (3)	Muskeg Lake Cree Nation
	White Bear First Nation
	Whitecap Dakota First Nation

Aboriginal Governments levying Property Taxes pursuant to a Self-Government Agreement and a Real Property Tax Coordination Agreement with a Province
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
British Columbia	Please contact the Province of British Columbia for a list of First Nations levying property tax pursuant to a Self-Government Agreement and a Real Property Tax Coordination Agreement with the Province of British Columbia

Aboriginal Governments Levying Provincial-type Taxes
Province/Territory	Aboriginal Government
BC (1) (tobacco tax)	Cowichan Tribes
Manitoba (1) (tobacco tax and fuel tax)	Manitoba has entered into tax administration agreements respecting the administration of Band taxes regarding tobacco and fuel with several of the Manitoba First Nations listed on Schedule 2 of An Act respecting first nations goods and services tax (S.C. 2003, c. 15, s. 67). For confidentiality reasons, the province of Manitoba does not publicly disclose information relating to individual taxation agreements between Manitoba and Manitoba First Nations. ;
Newfoundland and Labrador (1) (Personal Income Tax and HST Revenue Sharing)	Nunatsiavut Government*
Saskatchewan (5) (Liquor consumption tax)	Whitecap Dakota First Nation
	Kahkewistahaw First Nation
	Peter Ballentyne Cree Nation
	Mosquito Grizzly Bear’s Head Lean Man First Nation
	White Bear First Nation
Yukon Territory (11) (Personal Income Tax)	Carcross/Tagish First Nations*
	Champagne and Aishihik First Nations*
	First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun*
	Kluane First Nation*
	Kwanlin Dun First Nation*
	Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation*
	Selkirk First Nation*
	Ta'an Kwach'an Council*
	Teslin Tlingit Council*
	Tr'ondëk Hwech'in First Nation*
	Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation*

*Self-governing.

https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100016434/1100100016435

blogged: SHELTERS

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Nova Scotia Domestic Violence Shelters/BULLYCIDE-BULLY HELP SITES/Homeless Shelters/UK /Australia/Canada- u matter- MARCH 8- INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY.... One Billion rising- breaking the chains- no more excuses- Nova Scotia honours Warrior Woman Rita MacNeil March 8th concert of remembrance

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/12/canada-military-news-nova-scotia.html

blogged:

STOP A BULLY CANADA- STATISTICS- r kids matter/ PAEDOPHILE HUNTING- good news world- Nova Scotia Home 4 Coloured Children gets their inquiry/HUNTING PAEDOPHILE UPDATES-

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/10/stop-bully-canada-statistics-r-kids_31.html

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Thank u God 4 loving our Canada- young, beautiful, brilliant, smart.... protected and free... where women equal men by law, all children get an education and same gender laws came n2 effect in 1969..... we don’t have the historical baggage and we have French and English Official Languages and over 200 cultures of 36 million of us on the 2^nd largest country on the planet ... and nature’s only home left on this planet.... so we have so much good.... let’s make it better. God bless our troops always.... and our protectors and first responders... they are our pure line 2 our freedoms.... on this day.

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BLOGGED:

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Jul 22 2014- Canada Unions-CUPE (POSTIES) N GREEN PARTY SUPPORTING HAMAS??? - Remembering Randy and Janet Connors and the horrific nightmare of AIDS and betrayal of innocent Canadians from Presidents 2 Red Cross donor institutions-CANADA'S STORY

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2014/07/canada-military-news-jul-22-2014-canada.html

BLOGGED:

HEY NOVA SCOTIA- HEY CANADA- Men Ending Violence against Women- Man 2 Man- Don't be that guy- APRIL 8, 2014- also 2 Rehtaeh Parsons and all who suffer/ed - Pls. don't be a bystander guys- we raised u better Canada/DAILY UPDATES /SEPTEMBER 22- justice 4 Rehtaeh Parson- abuser pleds guilty- we love u Rehtaeh and all who are bullied

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2014/04/hey-nova-scotia-hey-canada-men-ending.html

blogged:

Protecting Military kids-All Kids from bullying/BULLYCIDES/Global horrifying stats on bullying- Canada/UK/USA/Australia- uarechildrenofthe universe- u each matter/ONE BILLION RISING- no more excuses

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2014/01/protecting-military-kids-from.html

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BLOGGED:

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Nov22- DRUNK MAYORS/DRUGGIE PM CONTENDERS/238 folks murdered by drunk-drugged drivers this year Nova Scotia- how canCanada Leaders push drugs and booze, n smoking 2 our kids???? WTF CANADA don't become USA???

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/11/canada-military-news-nov22-drunk.html

BLOGGED:

POSTED

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Nov 15- Project Spade- Global Child Porn Ring Pervs BUSTED- check out news around planet-BUT CANADA-2 busy FORDing it and PM Hopeful telling kids 2 smoke dope?/PAEDOPHILE HUNTING/Rehtaeh- Bullying Statistics Canada- Global- Horrifying scary/Breaking the Chains of Abuse- no more excuses... One Billion rising

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/11/canada-military-news-nov-15-project_15.html

MADD CANADA- CAPE BRETON REGIONAL POLICE CREATED THIS SAFE GRAD- VIDEO- TEARS AND PRAYERS...TEARS AND PRAYERS- we love our grads- love u so much-pls don`t drink n drive

PLEASE DON'T DRINK/DRUG AND DRIVE- WE LOVE U SO MUCH... SO MUCH- U MATTER

U know when MADD- Mom's against Drunk Driving - started up... and there was a lot of us... we even had crosses all along the highway- in 1965 seven of us were hit by a drunk driver - had over 70 surgeries.... it took 3 more drunk accidents to get him off the road...

drunk/drugged driving kills and maims and destroys so many.... this is such a heartbrake and so necessary- IT'S GRADUATION TIME STUDENTS- please don't drive if u drink/drug

JUST ONE

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/QvwMBgGnSvo?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvwMBgGnSvo&feature=youtu.be

COMMENT:

What an amazing job!! Talk about setting the bar high for everyone else! It's really hard to imagine this video was made by high school kids - it's wonderful to know these are the kind of people who will one day be leading our country!

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Blogged:

CANADA- MEN STEPPING UP AGAINST ABUSE OF GIRLS-WOMEN- Canada is Manning Up- WHITERIBBON.CA- real men and boys stepping up 2 break the chains of abuse of women all over the world- empowering men and boys- no more excuses - no more abuses- pictures videos-Oct 04 2013

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/07/canada-lets-man-up-canada-whiteribbonca.html

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BLOGGED:

Clara Hughes CANADIAN OLYMPIAN- Finishes Bike Ride -July 3 update-from the mouths of the children- JUNE 26 UPDATE- CANADA DAY'S COMING-JULY 1- GET UR CANADA ON -4 CANADA OLYMPIAN CLARA HUGHES BIG RIDE 4 MENTAL HEALTH FOLKS- send her tweets of support and love- Hey it’s Canada –Mental Health matters. NEWS UPDATES-Teen/Youth/PTSD/Abuse/Bullying stuff /Our Olympian Clara's completes journey 4mentalheal-let's talk-July 1- Clara's in Ottawa CANADA DAY 2014/SEPT 24 NS RCMP- preventing violent encounters -respect homeless and psychiatric problems DO LIST

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2014/03/students-and-youth-are-stepping-up.html

Canada’s race problem? It’s even worse than America’s.

For a country so self-satisfied with its image of progressive tolerance, how is this not a national crisis?

Scott Gilmore

January 22, 2015

Follow @Scott_Gilmore

BERNARD WEIL/TORONTO STAR/CP

The racial mess in the United States looks pretty grim and is painful to watch. We can be forgiven for being quietly thankful for Canada’s more inclusive society, which has avoided dramas like that in Ferguson, Mo. We are not the only ones to think this. In the recently released Social Progress Index, Canada is ranked second amongst all nations for its tolerance and inclusion.

Unfortunately, the truth is we have a far worse race problem than the United States. We just can’t see it very easily.

Terry Glavin, recently writing in the Ottawa Citizen, mocked the idea that the United States could learn from Canada’s example when it comes to racial harmony. To illustrate his point, he compared the conditions of the African-American community to Canada’s First Nations. If you judge a society by how it treats its most disadvantaged, Glavin found us wanting. Consider the accompanying table. By almost every measurable indicator, the Aboriginal population in Canada is treated worse and lives with more hardship than the African-American population. All these facts tell us one thing: Canada has a race problem, too.

How are we not choking on these numbers? For a country so self-satisfied with its image of progressive tolerance, how is this not a national crisis? Why are governments not falling on this issue?

Possibly it is because our Fergusons are hidden deep in the bush, accessible only by chartered float plane: 49 per cent of First Nations members live on remote reserves. Those who do live in urban centres are mostly confined to a few cities in the Prairies. Fewer than 40,000 live in Toronto, not even one per cent of the total population of the Greater Toronto Area. Our racial problems are literally over the horizon, out of sight and out of mind.

Or it could be because we simply do not see the forest for trees. We are distracted by the stories of corrupt band councils, or flooded reserves, or another missing Aboriginal woman. Some of us wring our hands, and a handful of activists protest. There are a couple of unread op-eds, and maybe a Twitter hashtag will skip around for a few days. But nothing changes. Yes, we admit there is a governance problem on the reserves. We might agree that “something” should be done about the missing and murdered women. In Ottawa a few policy wonks write fretful memos on land claims and pipelines. But collectively, we don’t say it out loud: “Canada has a race problem.”

If we don’t have a race problem then what do we blame? Our justice system, unable to even convene Aboriginal juries? Band administrators, like those in Attawapiskat, who defraud their own people? Our health care system that fails to provide Aboriginal communities with health outcomes on par with El Salvador? Politicians too craven to admit the reserve system has failed? Elders like Chief Ava Hill, cynically willing to let a child die this week from treatable cancer in order to promote Aboriginal rights? Aboriginal people themselves for not throwing out the leaders who serve them so poorly? Police forces too timid to grasp the nettle and confront unbridled criminality like the organized drug-smuggling gangs in Akwesasne? Federal bureaucrats for constructing a $7-billion welfare system that doesn’t work? The school system for only graduating 42 per cent of reserve students? Aboriginal men, who have pushed their community’s murder rate past Somalia’s? The media for not sufﬁciently or persistently reporting on these facts?

Or: us? For not paying attention. For believing our own hype about inclusion. For looking down our noses at America and ignorantly thinking, “That would never happen here.” For not acknowledging Canada has a race problem.

We do and it is bad. And it is not just with the Aboriginal peoples. For new immigrants and the black community the numbers are not as stark, but they tell a depressingly similar story.

If we want to fix this, the first step is to admit something is wrong. Start by saying it to yourself, but say it out loud: “Canada has a race problem.”

http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-2/

AND BECAUSE CANADA IS YOUNG... FREE ... THIS IS THE RESPONSE... IMMEDIATE RESPONSE...

Winnipeg rises to a challenge

Mayor Brian Bowman could have sought to shift blame. He didn’t.

Paul Wells

January 22, 2015

Grand Chief Derek Nepinak addresses the media regarding racism in Winnipeg while Mayor Brian Bowman listens. (Mike Deal/Winnipeg Free Press)

If there’s something we’ve grown used to at Maclean’s, it’s a certain kind of response to a certain kind of Maclean’s cover story. This magazine has always found a lot to celebrate in every corner of Canada, a country we have called “a blessed bastion of privilege, peace and freedom” and lauded, two weeks ago, as the best place in the world for a kid to be born. But we can be scrappy too, so we put Toronto’s mayor on the cover once, photoshopped into a trash bin, and it wasn’t even that other Toronto mayor, whom we… well.

The usual response to this sort of criticism is a kind of wounded sucky defensiveness, best exemplified by just about the nation’s (sorry, nations’) entire political class in response to our 2010 cover package on corruption in Quebec. The province’s deputy premier called on us to apologize, shortly before it was revealed that she really enjoyed taking free concert tickets from a crooked contractor. Federal minister of… something… Josée Verner bemoaned our willingness to besmirch Bonhomme Carnaval. And the entire House of Commons passed a resolution, deemed unanimous, expressing its profound sadness at us.

So when Winnipeg’s mayor, Brian Bowman, called a news conference in response to Nancy Macdonald’s devastating cover story on widespread racism in the Manitoba capital, I thought I knew what to expect. I was wrong.

Macdonald’s story hardly pulls punches. Winnipeg ”is deeply divided along ethnic lines,” she writes. “It manifestly does not provide equal opportunity for Aboriginals. And it is quickly becoming known for the subhuman treatment of its First Nations citizens, who suffer daily indignities and appalling violence.”

We tweeted the cover last night and published the story online this morning. And the lunch hour wasn’t even over in Winnipeg when along came Bowman, who was elected last November, for a news conference backed by several local VIPs including Grand Chief Derek Nepinak of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs; city police Chief Devon Clunis; former AFN grand chief Ovide Mercredi; and others.

“Ignorance, hatred, intolerance, racism exists everywhere,” Bowman said. “Winnipeg has a responsibility right now to turn this ship around and change the way we all relate: Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, Canadians alike, from coast to coast to coast.”

Already this was surprising. Bowman was not demanding Maclean’s apologize, or indeed anyone. “We are here together to face this head-on as one community,” he said. He was careful to note what nobody would deny: that racism exists everywhere, not only in Winnipeg, and that the city is full of people who work hard to combat racism and its effects. But neither he nor the other speakers sought any bogus refuge in the fact that Maclean’s isn’t published locally or that it used nasty words in its article.

Mercredi also emphasized that racism is a big problem that ignores municipal borders, but added: “I want to thank Maclean’s magazine for the story that they did. And to challenge them to follow up with other stories of where individuals and groups have combatted racism in their particular communities and cities and have made a difference in race relations in their communities.”

I suspect we’ll be taking up Mercredi’s challenge over the next few weeks. It was, on the whole, an inspiring and morally serious response from officials who know very well that slogans won’t begin to heal the wounds Nancy Macdonald and Scott Gilmore document this week.

It’s so common to find public officials shifting blame instead of lifting burdens. That’s not the path Brian Bowman and his colleagues chose today. It was heartening.

http://www.macleans.ca/politics/winnipeg-rises-to-a-challenge/

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Liquor Licensing, Gaming & Lotteries Law

Liquor licensing, gaming & lotteries law is a myriad set of statutes, regulations and rules in Ontario.

These specific laws, administered by the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO), include:

Liquor Licence Act
Gaming Control Act, 1992
Wine Content and Labelling Act, 2000
Alcohol and Gaming Regulation and Public Protection Act, 1996 (ss. 3 and 4)
Liquor Control Act (parts of section 3)
Charity Lottery Licensing Order in Council 1413/08

The Criminal Code (Canada) allows provincial governments to set gaming regulations.
Liquor Licence Act (LLA) covers most aspects of Ontario’s beverage alcohol laws. They include regulating and licensing: liquor sales licences, ferment on premise facility licences, liquor delivery service, manufacturer’s licences and manufacturer’s representative licences.
The AGCO is also responsible for overseeing the administration of Special Occasion Permits (SOPs). This agency also regulates the operation of casinos, slot machine facilities and internet gaming operated by the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (OLG) and the sale of commercial lottery tickets.
The conduct, management and operation of gaming sites, lottery schemes and businesses related to a gaming site or a lottery scheme are regulated by standards and requirements authorized by the Registrar of Alcohol and Gaming under the Gaming Control Act, 1992 (GCA).
Licensees and registrants who do not comply with the LLA, GCA and their regulations could get a simple warning, be assessed a monetary penalty, or have their licence or registration suspended.
The amount of the monetary penalty is based on approved Schedules. Depending on the infraction, examples of the maximum penalties for each category of AGCO licensee/registrant are:
(i) for liquor sales licensees and ferment on premise facilities – up to $5,000;
(ii) for liquor manufacturers – up to $50,000;
(iii) for casino and slot machine facilities – up to $100,000.
Under the Good Government Act, 2011, responsibility for adjudicating alcohol and gaming matters under the Liquor Licence Act and Gaming Control Act, 1992 was transferred from the Board of the AGCO to the Licence Appeal Tribunal (LAT). LAT is an adjudicative agency of the Ontario government that adjudicates matters involving licensing activities regulated by various Ministries. If the Registrar is seeking to refuse, revoke or suspend your licence/registration, or has issued an Order of Monetary Penalty and you wish to appeal, you must request a hearing/appeal before LAT within fifteen days.
Liquor licensing, gaming & lotteries law covers many subjects. Our HLF team has expertise in each particular subject. We can provide legal advice and legal assistance in every aspect of liquor licensing, gaming & lotteries law.
For instance, we can help you apply for licenses for liquor and/or gaming and gambling, and advise you about compliance with the detailed provisions of the Liquor Licence Act and Gaming Control Act, 1992. We can represent you in court or before LAT if you are facing disputes and/or penalties involving liquor licensing, gaming & lotteries law.

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OUR CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA'S PIMPING BOOZE, GAMBLING TOBACCO (AND POSSIBLE LIBERAL-JUSTIN BIEBER'S TOKING)... HAVE CREATED A WORLD OF HOMELESSNESS.... and it's breaking our hearts- not just our pocketbooks...

Homelessness became an apparent pressing social issue in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s because of the frighteningly large number of homeless individuals and families appearing in public and in social work intervention programs (First, Rife, & Toomey, 1995). It is impossible to present accurate data concerning the scope of the problem because:

there is little consensus concerning how to define and quantify this condition (narrowly or broadly; counting family units or numbers of individuals)

many communities do not choose to look for and count their homeless members

many homeless individuals and families do not choose to be found and counted

Homelessness in America during the 1950s and early 1960s almost exclusively involved single men over the age of 50. Homeless populations are now characterized by much greater diversity (Burt, 1992; First, et al., 1995).

Thirty-eight percent of homeless individuals have a mental health concern. Nearly one-half of homeless men (47%) and 16% of homeless women also experience alcohol use disorders (Johnson, 1995). Homeless individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs are quite susceptible to liver disease, gastrointestinal ailments, tuberculosis, seizures and other neurological disorders, hypertension, cardio-pulmonary diseases/disorders, and HIV/AIDS infection (Johnson, 1995). Furthermore, the combined chances of alcohol, drug, and mental health problems anytime in a homeless person's life are estimated at 30% (Burt, Aron, Douglas, Valente, Lee, & Iwen, 1999). Because homeless populations are often hidden from view and therefore difficult to study, research on the homeless with alcohol disorders is not as abundant as it is with many other groups.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, learners should be able to:
A. Understand-
1. the factors important in the lives of homelessness individuals
2. the culture of the homeless
3. the homeless in a cultural context
B. Recognize the ways in which the problems of homelessness and alcohol use disorders interact and the prevalence of these co-occurring processes
C. Become familiar with modifications of alcohol treatment approaches that enhance effectiveness with homeless populations

Background

One significant barrier to the systematic study of homelessness is the lack of a coherent definition of terms. Rossi (1987) suggests that homeless means, "not having customary and regular access to a conventional dwelling" (p. 10). The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD, 1984) has defined homelessness as "living in public or private emergency shelters; or in the streets, parks, subways, bus terminals, railroad stations, airports, under bridges or aqueducts, abandoned buildings without utilities, cars, tracks, or any of public or private space that is not designated for shelters" (pp. 7-8). These definitions, however, ignore the population of "hidden homeless" and precariously housed persons and families who develop unexpected, unconventional, and unrecognized solutions to meeting their needs, such as doubling up or camping out with friends and relatives (Johnson, 1995). In reference to homeless individuals, the term "squatting" indicates someone who is living in places not meant for human habitation. The precariously or marginally housed person is one who is at a very high risk of becoming homeless, and includes individuals who are vulnerable because they do not have legal lease arrangements.
Understanding homelessness is further complicated by its seasonal nature in many regions, and by its episodic versus chronic variations. Furthermore, the concept of "homeless" has varying meanings in different national and cultural contexts. Globally, homelessness may be conceptualized as the opposite of adequate housing. Adequate housing protects against the elements (temperature extremes, precipitation, sun damage, etc.), has access to potable water sources, provides for sanitation (removal of human and animal waste products, sewage), protects from intruders, and provides freedom from sudden removal or having no security of tenure (Conroy, 1987). The United Nations' generic term for lacking shelter is "sans domicile fixe" (SDF), or "without fixed address." Table 1 presents a variety of cultural conceptualizations of homelessness around the world.

Table 1. Conceptualizations of Homelessness

Homeless Concept

Word/Phrase

Country/Culture

Lack of shelter

roofless
sin techo (without roof)

India
Latin America

Cut off from a household
or other people

clochard (tramp)
pennebruder (prison brothers)
furosha (floating people)
puliukko (elderly male alcoholic)
itinérants (itinerants)

France
Germany
Japan
Finland
Quebec, Canada

Homeless or street children

gamino (gamin)
pixote ( from the movie Pixote)
khate (rag picker)

Colombia
Brazil
Nepal

Squatter settlements, spontaneous settlements

bidonvilles (tin cities)
pueblos jóvenes (young towns)
kampung (village)

Francophone Africa
Lima, Peru
Indonesia

Developing nations often view their population who lives out-of-doors as a result of massive rural-to-urban migration, with the public or private housing sector not being able to accommodate the numbers of people. Squatter or spontaneous settlements are often made from found materials and emerge on land owned by someone else. The pueblos jóvenes of Lima, Peru, are towns that emerge without an infrastructure to support the population. In the industrialized world, homelessness is viewed as: 1) a result of personal problems, such as chronic alcoholism, drug abuse or mental illness (especially following the era of deinstitutionalization), or 2) the results of gentrification, which lowers the affordable income housing stock, with a concomitant move from an industrialized to a service economy and a decrease in financial assistance-in the U.S., "Welfare Reform" (Glasser, 1994). Generally, if being itinerant is a part of the culture, the population is not considered to be homeless (e.g., the Travellers of Ireland). However, this distinction becomes unclear in cases where individuals spend years living between shelter programs and claim this as their lifestyle.
The association between alcohol and homelessness has historical roots and stereotyping. Until very recently, the word "puliukko" has been used in Finland interchangeably to describe both homeless and alcoholic. In Japan, the yosebas (single men, many of whom are alcoholic) are afforded inexpensive housing while they work in the construction industry but are found living out-of-doors during periods of unemployment. In the United States, "skid row" has historically been the area of a city where single men and women with alcohol problems live transiently in inexpensive hotels or on the streets (Glasser, 1994).

Pathways To Homelessness
The ecological model allows us to view homelessness as a result of the interplay between (Toro et al., 1991; Morse, 1992):

personal problems (e.g., alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, and/or mental illness)

structural problems of the scarcity of affordable housing (e.g., through urban renewal, gentrification, or some other cause of removing affordable housing units from circulation)

economic restructuring to a low wage service economy

reduction in financial assistance

The ecological model integrates issues of individual vulnerabilities within the broadest cultural and societal landscapes. It recognizes that as housing niches for the poor have been lost, those who were most vulnerable, including those with alcohol-related problems, suffered a loss of permanent housing. It also recognizes that vulnerability to homelessness arises with a loss of support systems (family, charity, and government) required for individuals and families to survive in a complex society (First, et al., 1995). Institutional systems may also be a source of homelessness when individuals are released without a sufficient guarantee of residential security (e.g., deinstitutionalization, prison release).

A "typical" pathway to homelessness is the loss of any source of income. In the United States, structural transformation of the economy and inflationary erosion of welfare support during the 1970s and 1980s had a particularly severe impact on poorly educated, unskilled, young, minority men and women (Berlin & McAllister, 1994). An individual's loss of income may also be due to a variety of personal problems, including alcohol use disorders.

d

Associated with a loss of income is the loss of secure housing (one's own place or one that is shared). This is usually followed by a period of residing with family or friends until those arrangements become strained or policy violations develop (e.g., eviction threats from a landlord). The individual is then forced into shelter programs. Shelter living does not allow for more than a few, easily transported, personal possessions. After a relatively brief stay in a particular shelter (sometimes thirty to sixty days), the individual typically moves into more permanent housing, moves to another shelter, tries staying with friends and family again, or is forced to live on the street.

Living on the street can include sleeping in parked cars, abandoned buildings, public parks, and bus/train terminals. The homeless individual becomes especially difficult to reach and the chances of obtaining housing or treatment appear to diminish. One of the few studies that tried to follow the homeless trajectory found that, as homelessness among youth in Wales continued, opportunities to return home lessened (Liddiard & Hutson, 1991). Ethnographic research indicates that homeless individuals take pride in their independence from society's structures and in their ability to survive by ingenious means. For example, some homeless individuals have been observed to "act crazy" as a means of self-protection on the streets (Hopper, 1991; Koegel, 1992).

There is a paradox in that the "low-demand, no questions asked" services delivered in places such as shelters, soup kitchens and day centers, attract high numbers of homeless people, yet have few professional staff (Fournier & Kovess, 1993; Glasser, 1988). However, professional treatment programs that require the person to leave the homeless milieu, even those designed specifically for the homeless, have large attrition rates before and during treatment. For example, a 58% attrition rate occurred between screening and entering treatment among New York City chemically addicted, mentally ill shelter residents who had been interested in entering a treatment center (Nuttbrock, Rahav, Rivera, Ng-Mak, & Link, 1998). Another issue is the use of alcohol and cigarettes as elements of an underground economy of reciprocity among homeless individuals. The challenge is to design programs that at least begin the treatment process within the settings in which the homeless already live or spend much of their time.

The Relationship of Alcohol and Homelessness
The relationship of alcohol and drug use to homelessness is interactive and iterative in that it is both a cause and an effect of homelessness (Johnson & Cnaan, 1995). It is difficult for an individual with limited financial resources to remain in stable housing. When significant proportions of those financial resources are spent on alcohol or other substances, maintaining stable housing becomes even more difficult. However, it is difficult for an individual to focus on substance abuse treatment when basic survival needs for food and shelter are precariously and unreliably met. The stress and danger associated with homelessness also may feed back into the cycle of relying on alcohol or other substances as a coping strategy. Homelessness may result from poorly planned discharge from residential treatment, institutionalization, hospitalization, or incarceration related to substance involvement. There is also evidence that alcohol use among the homeless may provide some secondary benefits. James Spradley (1970), an anthropologist working in Seattle during the 1960's, found that the intermittently employed men living on skid row used alcohol as a source of camaraderie. Here alcohol was an adaptation to life on the streets, as well as a cause of becoming a "vagabond."
Traditional treatment options are not generally effective with the homeless population (Johnson & Cnaan, 1995). Providers do not seek out homeless alcohol abusers, and may be reluctant to treat homeless persons because of unpredictable behavior, high-risk medical problems, and extensive demands/needs (Lubran, 1990). Alcohol and addiction treatment programs historically provided very little in the way of progressive levels in community-based care and support for homeless clients, and state agencies have historically provided funding for very few services (Johnson & Cnaan, 1995). Notable breakthroughs are attributed to the NIAAA and NIAAA/NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) collaboration funding of demonstration projects for homeless persons with alcohol and drug problems.
Alcohol and drug abuse/dependence are the most pervasive health problems among the homeless in the U.S. Table 2 presents some estimates of the rate of alcohol abuse and dependence among various homeless populations. For example, the NIAAA sponsored a nation-wide study, the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), of 42,862 homeless people. Results indicated that 7.4% of the subjects met the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence (APA, 2000).
Table 2 - Estimated Prevalence of Alcohol Problems in Homeless Populations

Study Details

Rate of Alcohol Problems

Authors

U.S., random sample, comparison group

7.41% met DSM - IV criteria

NIAAA-NLAES (1992)

U.S., homeless men, women, mothers

58-68% men
30% women
10% mothers

Fisher & Breakey (1991)

U.S., individuals using homeless services

38% current
46% past year
62% life

Urban Institute (1999)

California, homeless youth

48.4% alcohol users or dependent

Robertson, et al. (2000)

NYC; soup kitchen; 5+ drinks per day

43% men, 19 women

Magura et al. (2000)

Rhode Island, sheltered homeless

29.3% lifetime abuse or dependence

Glasser & Zywiak (2001)

The methods of defining alcohol-related problems vary between studies, and are influenced by the study setting. For example, in Glasser and Zywiak's (2001) research, some subjects were interviewed in shelters that were supposed to be alcohol and drug free, so there was some client inhibition when describing their alcohol use. The Rhode Island site described in Table 2 was an "abstinence shelter" model, therefore data show relatively low rates. Nevertheless, the table illustrates that alcohol problems in homeless populations are many times the rate estimated for the U.S. general population.

In addition to substance abuse and mental health problems, homeless individuals are at greater risk for HIV infection (Rahav, Nuttbrock, Rivera, & Link, 1998) and tuberculosis (Wright & Weber, 1987). Of great concern are the homeless who are non-compliant with TB treatment (Caminero, Pavon, Rodriguez de Castro, Julia, Cayla, & Cabrera, 1996). In a recent study of men using Toronto homeless shelters, mortality rates were 8.3 times that of the general male population among the 18 to 24 year old age group; 3.7 times greater for the 25 to 44 year old group; and 2.3 times more for the 45 to 64 year old group (Hwang, 2000). A study of street youth in Montreal (Roy, Haley, Lemire, Boivin, Leclerc, & Vincelette, 1999) found a prevalence rate of 9.2% for markers of Hepatitis B infection, 12 to 23 times higher than findings observed in Ontario in the general population aged 14 to 30 years old (Glasgow, Schabas, Williams, Wallace, & Nalezyty, 1997). These findings have significant implications for public health and social work practice with homeless individuals who have alcohol use disorders.
Homeless individuals are at greater risk for substance abuse, mental health problems, and HIV infection and tuberculosis.

Treatment of Substance Abuse Problems Among the Homeless
There appears to be no definitive treatment strategy for alcohol-related intervention with homeless individuals. However, common elements of successful interventions include:

the integration of substance abuse and mental health services

easy access to entering the program and avoiding disruption in making transitions (e.g., from detoxification to longer term residence)

the provision of intensive case management

the type of programs provided (e.g., recreational programs)

special emphasis on the provision of housing at the conclusion of treatment

retention of homeless individuals in substance abuse programs by listening to their critiques of other treatment programs, and making programmatic adjustments (Orwin, Garrison-Mogren, Jacobs, & Sonnefeld, 1999).

Several treatment modalities have been or are currently being tested for efficacy with homeless populations experiencing alcohol use disorders. These include outreach, Motivational Interviewing (MI), intensive case management, stabilization programs, therapeutic communities within shelters, and transitional and supportive housing for the formerly homeless. Confronting treatment barriers is also an important strategy.

Outreach
Outreach is a first step for making contact with people living out-of-doors. The outreach worker, who may be traveling on foot or by vehicle, offers the homeless individual social contact, food, referrals, and advocacy. An interesting example of outreach work and its subsequent evaluation was the Park Homeless Outreach Project in New York City (Ukeles Associates, 1995). Teams of workers became acquainted with the homeless men, women, and couples who occupied three Manhattan parks (including one which also housed Gracie Mansion, the Mayor's official residence). During the two-year project, the outreach teams made contact with almost every homeless park dweller (N=283). The teams succeeded in connecting 89 of these individuals with services, including detoxification, alcohol and drug treatment, entitlement programs, and temporary shelters. They placed 24 clients into permanent or transitional housing.
The project was less successful in linking individuals to permanent housing; after six months, only three of the twenty-four park dwellers placed in housing were known to be still sleeping indoors. Nevertheless, many lessons were learned from this outreach project. For example, it was important for an individual outreach worker to concentrate on a very specific geographic location in the park before trusting relationships could develop. The worker needed to have regular hours in the park, but also had to be flexible and come to the park as needed. Cellular phones helped the outreach workers link the client directly and immediately with service providers when they were ready to move forward. Once the clients were housed, it was important for the outreach worker to stay in touch with them, and find new housing if the first placement did not work out.

Motivational Interviewing

Many homeless individuals with alcohol problems spend much of their day meeting basic survival needs in the laissez-faire, low demand agencies of soup kitchens, day centers, and shelters. These environments provide ideal locations and critical opportunities to utilize interventions designed to increase an individual's motivation to change. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a relatively new therapeutic approach (Miller & Rollnick, 1991) for reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption and other addictive behaviors across a number of diverse populations. This approach could be adapted for use with the homeless, but it should be noted that its use has not been subjected to adequate empirical testing with this population. The five basic principles of motivational interviewing are: (1) expressing empathy, (2) developing discrepancy, (3) avoiding argumentation, (4) rolling with resistance, and (5) supporting self-efficacy (Miller, Zweben, DiClemente, & Rychtarik, 1992). Clients are helped through MI to move from the stages of precontemplation to contemplation, and then to determination, action, and maintenance (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982).
Principles of Motivational Interviewing
- Express empathy
- Develop discrepancy
- Avoid argumentation
- Roll with resistance
- Support self-efficacy

Developing discrepancy refers to the therapeutic aim of increasing clients' ambivalence regarding their current behaviors and the extent to which they would like to avoid negative consequences in the future. For example, many homeless individuals express great love and affection for their children. Most cannot live with their children, because of their lifestyle.

This painful discrepancy between the personal goal of maintaining close contact and the reality of the situation can increase the individual's motivation to change. Another discrepancy is the homeless individual's love of freedom to come and go at will, but their lives become very circumscribed as a function of interaction with shelters, services, and their communities. Supporting self-efficacy is an important social work function. Homeless individuals often feel powerless and invisible. Many express the sentiment that there is no way out of the situation and that people who have tried to help have not succeeded. MI helps individuals set realistic, achievable goals, which in turn strengthens their belief and confidence in their own ability to change. MI with the homeless should incorporate flexibility concerning issues that the individual thinks are most important. Although a lack of suitable, stable housing, the abuse of alcohol or other substances, or mental health problems may seem to be the most critical needs to an outsider, the priorities of the homeless individual may be quite different. In one of the few published assessments of homeless persons' needs, Acosta and Toro (2000) found that safety, education, transportation, medical/dental needs, and job training/placement were rated as more important than housing, mental health, and substance abuse treatment in a probability sample of 301 homeless adults. An important principle in any intervention with homeless individuals involves beginning with issues most salient to the client-"beginning where the client is."

Intensive Case Management
In 1990, the NIAAA, in consultation with NIDA, funded fourteen demonstration projects for alcohol and drug abuse treatment for the homeless. Thirteen of the projects provided intensive case management services to meet the primary goals of (Perl & Jacobs, 1992):

Reducing the participants' consumption of alcohol and other drugs

Increasing the participants' level of residential stability

Enhancing the participants' economic and/or employment status

The projects were allowed wide latitude in terms of the type of case management delivered, where it was delivered (i.e. shelter, street, office), the intensity and dosage of contact, the type of staff delivering the treatment (e.g., people in recovery, professionals), and if the case management was delivered as a team or individually.
The guiding definition of case management was: an array of activities that are coordinated and delivered to clients on a regular basis, wherever they may be found, in order to assure that service needs are met. The important activities of case management include, but are not limited to, assessment, continuous service planning, advocacy, benefits acquisition, service linkage, and monitoring (Perl & Jacobs, 1992).

The case management model can be particularly useful for life in shelters and on the streets, where services are fragmented and the homeless individual has to be continually on the move. In particular, substance abuse treatment and psychological help must be combined with helping the client meet survival needs: food, stable housing, and employment and/or receipt of financial benefits (Stahler, 1995). Integral to the case management approach is the development of the trusting relationship that is at the core of helping the homeless individual utilize the services that may be available (McMillan & Cheney, 1992).

When case management has been tested within the ideal conditions of research where there is typically a high quantity and quality of services, it has been shown to be efficacious. However, outside of these ideal study conditions, there are often not enough case managers to serve each client. Homeless individuals must often take the initiative of seeking out the case manager, checking in frequently to learn the status of their cases (for example, the availability of a bed in detoxification unit, a bed in a transitional housing unit, or progress on legal matters). Case management intensity is often related to the level of funding for treatment programs for the homeless; this level is often directly related to the degree of advocacy for this stigmatized population.

A serious issue in case management is worker burn out. A study of case management in Montreal analyzed three years of client contact logs. The case management was delivered to twenty-five homeless or marginally housed women who had completed a detoxification program and a rehabilitation program (Mercier & Racine, 1995). The case management services were supposed to reach the women in soup kitchens, day centers, on the street, or wherever they might be present. However, the researchers observed an increasing reliance by the case managers on telephone contacts and office visits, and an overall trend toward decreasing frequency of contacts. The authors hypothesized that case managers became very discouraged by the third year of the project, and tried to gain more control in their work by not leaving the office setting. They suggested that case management services need organized and thorough mechanisms for addressing the issues of worker burn out and discouragement.

Stabilization Programs/Therapeutic Communities

Two approaches tried with homeless substance abusers involve modifying emergency shelter areas into safe and substance-free environments. The philosophy in both the stabilization program and the therapeutic community is to offer an alternative to homeless individuals who are ready to work on alcohol/drug problems. The critical aspect is that these alternatives do not require the homeless individual to leave the shelter setting, which the client may not be ready to do.

Stabilization :
Create substance-free zones within shelter environments
Therapeutic Community :
Others in recovery become major support network, create therapeutic milieu

Stabilization programs inside shelters offer substance-free zones for individuals who have completed detoxification, but still have no place to live. In a study of such programs within two Boston shelters, Argeriou and McCarty (1993) found the rates of success to be 63.5%. This rate was comparable to that of post-detoxification in traditional substance abuse programs. Clients who completed stabilization programs decreased their substance use and experienced longer lag times to relapse compared to clients who did not complete the stabilization. The utilization of shelters for substance abuse stabilization represents a cost-effective way to provide services to the homeless population. Shelters represent "windows of opportunity" to engage the homeless client in substance abuse treatment. These stabilization programs are still in existence ten years after the initiation of the project (Argeriou, 2000).

The therapeutic community (TC) approach is a well-known residential treatment strategy wherein the community of other individuals in recovery becomes the major support network. The classic TC relies on intensive group sessions, with members often confronting each other concerning their need to change in order to live in the "outside world," substance free. The TC approach has been modified to meet the needs of homeless, mentally ill, substance abusers. The modifications include more individualized, more flexible, and less intense intervention than is typically found in standard TC programs (Swan 1997). The Center for Therapeutic Community Research studied 342 homeless persons who entered the modified TC program. These clients were found to have successful outcomes in terms of reduced drug use and criminal behavior and an increased ability to find and retain jobs (Sacks and De Leon, 1997).

Transitional/Supportive Housing

By the mid-1980s, a pattern was developing in the U.S., in which some homeless individuals experienced repeated episodes of shelter living. Many of these individuals were unable to make a successful transition from shelter to apartment living, and needed a lot more support to maintain permanent housing. Through funding from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), non-governmental community organizations developed housing strategies to support the homeless in their quest for secure housing. These strategies included transitional housing, generally consisting of housing with two years of services; and supportive housing, which is housing with the provision of services for an open-ended period of time. Transitional and supportive housing may be provided in one physical space (e.g., apartments built in former factories, such as Montreal's "Ma Chambre," or "My Sister's Place" in Hartford), or it may be provided in scattered apartments in publicly or privately owned buildings. A key aspect is that services are brought in to individuals or families who have access to affordable transitional/supportive housing. In many communities, the provision of transitional and supportive housing is much preferred over building more emergency/ temporary shelters, which are often viewed with fear and suspicion.

Transitional Housing
- Approximately two years of services with housing for successful transition from shelter to permanence
Supportive Housing
- Bring services into homes social work intervention referral recreation
- Appropriate expectations for involvement and participation tenant organizations

An example of transitional housing is the Thames River Family Program in Norwich, Connecticut (Glasser, 1994). Formerly homeless women and their children move into one of the 24 apartments in a new building on the grounds of a former hospital. The families have 24-hour a day security, recreational programs for the children, and many on-site classes and support groups. During their two years of residence, the women live drug, alcohol, and violence free, and they attend classes, job training, and/or work. Another transitional housing program that has been in existence for over 100 years is Open Hearth, in Hartford, Connecticut (Glasser & Zywiak, 2000). The program has 79 beds for men who want to complete the Open Hearth alcohol and drug rehabilitation program. Open Hearth also has a 25-bed shelter, in which many of the men have stayed before deciding to enter treatment. The shelter and transitional services are under one roof, which facilitates movement of the men from shelter living to rehabilitation.

In Montreal, supportive housing is provided through the housing federation, FOHM (La Fédération des OSBL [Oganismes Sans But Lucratif] d'Habitation de Montréal). This endeavor provides up to 1,000 tenants with ongoing help in the form of social work intervention, referral to health and social service agencies, support for tenant organizations, and recreational activities to ensure that high-risk tenants (e.g., the chronically mentally ill and those with alcohol disorders) will be successful in keeping their housing. The housing is affordable, defined in Canada as being no more than 30% of a person's income. A key component of supportive housing is the role of the onsite concierge, whose services are integral to the stability of the tenants' lives (FOHM, 1997). Research conducted by a team from the University of Quebec in Montreal, who closely interviewed a sample of thirty-three FOHM tenants, concluded that there were significant improvements in the tenants' overall quality of life, and that the tenants expressed a high degree of satisfaction with their housing. The researchers conclude: "It is now easier for these marginalized people to develop friendships because they feel more on the same level as the other tenants and are no longer looked on as 'the fool on the block…'" (FOHM, 1997, p. 14).

Confronting Barriers to Services for the Homeless

Individual and system-wide advocacy may include:

Accompanying the individual to appointments

Comvincing treatment programs to accept the individual

Improved diagnosis could extend the scope of services

Address issues such as lack of health care coveraage for indigent individuals without program benefits

Work with coalitions and collaborative efforts to influence politics and policy (e.g., state-wide coalitions for homeless)

A social worker beginning to work with homeless individuals very quickly confronts barriers to services that are inherent in the homeless person's world. For example, individuals in need of access to financial assistance (e.g., SSI) may not have their birth certificate. Other important papers may have been lost during frequent transitions between shelters and the street. A client may be difficult to locate due to multiple moves between shelters that are a part of many communities' policies toward the homeless. If a person wants to enter a treatment program, he or she may not have insurance coverage, and there may be very few beds set aside for indigent individuals. Compounding these problems is a generalized dislike of homeless individuals, who may be dirty and are generally blamed for their homeless state. Working with homeless individuals requires fortitude and commitment.

In addition to advocating for homeless individuals on a case-by-case basis, social workers can join coalitions for the homeless or other advocacy groups. These types of activities can effect system changes that benefit many homeless individuals. For example, shelters in some cities close for the summer. Although other shelters may absorb a certain number of homeless persons, many individuals will begin what becomes a lifetime pattern of living out-of-doors. Similarly, in some cities, a permanent address is necessary to receive benefits. Coalitions that consist of both homeless individuals and service providers can join forces to advocate for change in these systems.

Summary
In summary, treatment services for homeless persons with alcohol use disorders range from the outreach offers of engagement in a human relationship (e.g., the Park Homeless Outreach Project in New York City (Arete Corporation, 1995)), to the more formalized treatment programs inside shelters. The help may be in the form of case management or motivational interviewing. These techniques may be delivered in agencies such as soup kitchens, shelters, and day programs, where the homeless meet their basic survival needs.
A significant step toward improving services is better screening for alcohol use problems among homeless populations. The staff of agencies serving homeless individuals should attempt screening efforts, at the very least,, even though the staff may not be able to conduct full diagnostic interviews. The AUDIT-12, which screens for both alcohol and drug abuse, was developed for homeless and other poor populations. It is currently being pilot tested in various cities (Campbell, Barrett, Cisler, Solliday-McRoy, & Melchert, 2001).

AUDIT-12

Circle the answer that BEST DESCRIBES your drinking and drug use for the LAST YEAR.

1) How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?
(0) Never (1) Monthly or less(2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
2) How many drinks* containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?
*(number of STANDARD DRINKS: 12 oz. beer, 5 oz. wine, 1-1.5 oz. liquor)
(0) none (0) 1 OR 2 (1) 3 OR 4 (2) 5 OR 6 (3) 7 to 9 (4) 10 or more
3) How often do you have five (5) or more drinks on one occasion?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Monthly (3) Weekly (4) Daily or almost daily
4) How often do you use other substances (cocaine, marijuana, pills, etc) to get high or change your mood?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
5) How often do you use two or more substances (including alcohol) on the same occasion?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
A/D involvement____________
In the last year, HOW OFTEN have these events happened to you?

6) How often have you found that you were unable to stop drinking or using drugs once you started?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less(3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
7) How often have you failed to do what was normally expected from you because of drinking or drug using?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
8) How often have you needed a drink or other drug, or to get high first thing in the
morning to get yourself going after a night of heavy drinking or drug using?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
Dependence_______________
9) How often have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking or drug using?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily
10) How often have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because of drinking or using?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily

11) Have you or someone else been injured because of your drinking or drug using?
(0) Never (1) Less than monthly (2) Weekly or less (3) Two or three times a week (4) Daily or almost daily

12) Has a relative or friend or doctor or other health worker been concerned about your drinking/drug-using, or suggested that you stop using, cut down or get treatment?
(0) No (2) Yes, but not in the last year (4) Yes, during the last year.
Harm_____________________
Total score_________________

Alcohol and drug recovery programs may also be wedded to transitional or supportive housing, which offer the individual a way out of homelessness. To be effective, any and all services delivered to homeless individuals must be guided by the individual's own goals and priorities. This means that intervention goals must be flexible, adaptive, and include improved screening, assessment, and diagnosis, along with harm reduction approaches and provision of respite or safe zones. Program development must also take into account the perspectives, culture, experiences, and wishes of the homeless population. Homeless individuals should be involved in the development and revision of the services they use.

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Volunteer for 2-3 shifts at a local homeless program (shelter, soup kitchen, transitional housing). Discuss what you learned about the residents of such a program-what is important to them, how do alcohol/substances affect their functioning and circumstances, what stereotypes are inaccurate?

Role-play a homeless person in an alcohol treatment motivational interviewing session. Try it with: (1) a single homeless man living in shelter, (2) a single homeless woman being discharged from a medical facility after frostbite, and (3) a homeless mother living with her children in the family car.

Invite the director of a local homeless program to your class to discuss the ways that alcohol use disorders present themselves in this population, how the program responds to it, and the hopes/barriers related to providing alcohol treatment to the users of the services.

Review and discuss the attached appendix (annotated bibliography).

Discussion Issues

What are the ways in which (agency, local, state, federal) policies support/interfere with the delivery of alcohol treatment services to homeless individuals? How do the policies and/or practice guidelines (e.g., certification requirements, Code of Ethics, payment plans, etc.) support/interfere with your ability to deliver a continuum of services to homeless individuals with, or at risk of, alcohol use disorders?

What are the important research critique questions to keep in mind when you read reports of research with homeless persons (i.e., those related to the type of research questions asked, research design, instruments used, sampling strategies, and interpretation of results)?

What are the implications of different language/labels related to the homeless population, especially those with alcohol use disorders? (Brainstorm a list of terms first, then critique their implications for social work practice with this population.)

Discuss the ways in which social workers can ensure that homeless persons have a "voice" in the development and implementation of the programs that serve them.

References
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Argeriou, M., & McCarty, D. (1993). The use of shelters as substance abuse stabilization sites. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 20, 126-137.
Argeriou, M. (2000). Personal communication.
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Campbell, T.C., Barrett, D., Cisler, R.A., Solliday-McRoy, C., Melchert, T.P., & Zweben, A. (2001). Reliability estimates of the Alcohol Use Disorders Inventory Test revised to include other drugs (AUDIT 12). Poster Session presented at the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Montreal (June).
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Glasser, I. (1994). Homelessness in global perspective. New York: Macmillan.

Glasser, I. (1996). Homelessness. In D. Levinson, & K. Christensen (Eds.) Encyclopedia of cultural anthropology (pp. 579-582). Ontario, Canada: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, Macmillan 1996.

Glasser, I. (1998). More than bread: ethnography of a soup kitchen. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
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Glasser, I., & Zywiak, W. A. (2000). Census and brief assessment of the homeless of Hartford. Hartford Grants Management Office, City of Hartford, Connecticut.
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Glasser, I., & Zywiak, W. Homelessness and substance use: a tale of two cities. Substance Use and Misuse (accepted for publication for special issue on homelessness, 2003.)
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Magura, S., Nwakeze, P. C., Rosenblum, A., & Joseph, H. (2000). Substance misuse and related infectious diseases in a soup kitchen population. Substance Use and Misuse, 35, 551-583.
McMillan, D., & Cheney, R. (1992). Aftercare for formerly homeless, recovering women: issues for case management. In R. S. Ashbury (Ed.). Progress and issues in case management, NIDA research monograph #127 (pp.274-288). Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Mercier, C., & Racine, G. (1995). Case management with homeless women: a descriptive study. Community Mental Health Journal, 31, 25-37.

Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change addictive behavior. New York: Guilford.
Miller, W. R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C. C., & Rychtarik, R. G. (1992). Motivational enhancement therapy manual: a clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence. NIAAA project MATCH monograph series vol. 2. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. DHHS pub. no. (ADM) 92-1894.
Morse, G. A. Causes of homelessness. (1992). In M. J. Robertson, & M. Greenblatt (Eds.). Homelessness: a national perspective (pp. 3-17). New York: Plenum Press.
National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES) (1992). Drinking in the United States: main findings from the 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES). U.S. alcohol epidemiologic data reference manual vol. 6, first ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. NIH pub. no. 99-3519.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Press release, 1995. NIAAA releases new estimates of alcohol abuse and dependence. http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/press/1995/nlaes.htm
Nuttbrock, L .A., Rahav, M., Rivera, J. J., Ng-Mak, D. S., & Link, B. G. (1998). Outcomes of homeless mentally ill chemical abusers in community residences and a therapeutic community. Psychiatric Services, 49, 68-76.
Orwin, R. G., Garrison-Mogren, R., Jacobs, M.L., & Sonnefeld, L.J. (1999). Retention of homeless clients in substance abuse treatment. Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Cooperative Agreement Program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17, 45-66.
Ovrebo, B., Minkler, M., & Liljestrand, P. (1991). No Room at the inn: the disappearance of SRO housing in the United States. In S. Keigher (Ed.) Housing risks and homelessness among the elderly (pp.77-02). New York: Haworth Press, 1991.

Perl, H. I., & Jacobs, M. L. (1992). Case management models for homeless persons with alcohol and other drug problems: An overview of the NIAAA Research Demonstration Program. In R. S. Ashery (Ed.) Progress and issues in case management, NIDA research monograph #127 (pp. 208-222). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Prochaska, J. & DiClemente, C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19, 276-288.
Rahav, M., Nuttbrock, J., Rivera, J. J., & Link, B. G. (1998). HIV infection risks among homeless, mentally ill, chemical misusing men. Substance Use and Misuse, 33, 1407-1426.
Robertson, M. J., Koegel, P., & Ferguson, L. (1989). Alcohol use and abuse among homeless adolescents in Hollywood. Contemporary Drug Problems, 16, 415-452.
Rossi, P. H., Wright, J. D., Fisher, G. A., & Willis, G. (1987). The urban homeless: estimating composition and size. Science, 235, 1336-1341.
Roy, E., Haley, N., Lemire, N., Boivin, J. F., Leclerc, P., & Vincelette, J. (1999). Hepatitis B virus infection among street youths in Montreal. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 161, 689-693, 1999.
Sacks, S., & De Leon, G. (1997). Modified therapeutic community for homeless MICAs (mentally ill chemical abusers): profiles, process and outcomes. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association annual meeting, Chicago.
Spradley, J. (1970). You owe yourself a drunk: an ethnography of urban nomads. Boston: Little, Brown.

Stahler, G.J. (1995). Social interventions for homeless substance abusers: evaluating treatment outcomes. In G. J. Stahler, & B. Stimmel (Eds.). The effectiveness of social interventions for homeless substance abusers (pp. xiii-xxiv). New York: Haworth Press.
Swan, N. (1997). Peer community helps homeless drug abusers with mental illnesses reduce drug use. NIDA notes: treatment research, vol. 12, no. 4. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Toro, P. A., Trickett, E. J., Wall, D. D., & Salem, D. A. (1991). Homelessness in the United States. An ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 46, 1208-1218.
Ukeles Associates Inc. (1995). Evaluation of the Park Homeless Outreach Project. Report to the New York Community Trust. New York City: Ukeles Associates Inc.
Urban Institute. (1999). Homelessness: programs and the people they serve. Summary report. Findings of the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
Wright, J. D., & Weber, E. (1987). Homelessness and health. Washington D.C.: McGraw-Hill.

APPENDIX A

Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Homeless Population:

An Annotated Bibliography
The Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders among the Homeless
Assessing the extent of homelessness within a population is very challenging, since many homeless individuals and families are hidden from view. It is also difficult to assess the extent of alcohol and drug use related problems among this population. The following are some of the most often-cited works that attempt to count the homeless and to assess the extent of their alcohol and drug use related problems.
Bassuk, Ellen L. et al. (1998). Prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders among homeless and low-income housed mothers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 11, 1561-1564. The authors found a high prevalence of lifetime substance abuse (41% and 35%), lifetime post traumatic stress syndrome (36% and 34%), and lifetime major depressive disorders (45% and 43%) among homeless and housed low income mothers. These high rates are attributed to multiple stressors of poverty, whether the mothers are housed or homeless.
Baxter, Ellen, & Hopper, Kim. (1981). Private lives/public spaces: homeless adults on the streets of New York City. New York: Community Service Society. Although this book does not specifically estimate the numbers of homeless people in New York City, it is one of the first and most influential studies of homelessness in recent decades. Kim Hopper's field notes, which documented many of the homeless' beliefs that the streets were safer than the shelters, were summoned by the courts, and became evidence in a successful effort to improve the City's shelters. In subsequent work, Baxter and Hopper trace the demolition of single room occupancy hotels as a major reason for the cause of the rise of homelessness since the 1970's in the U.S.
Cohen, Alex, & Koegel, Paul. (1996). The influence of alcohol and drug use on the subsistence adaptation of homeless mentally ill persons. Journal of Drug Issues, 26, 219-243. The authors report on the Adaptation of the Homeless Mentally Ill research study in which 50 homeless mentally ill individuals in Los Angeles were followed ethnographically for three years. Approximately half of these individuals used drugs, alcohol, or both. There was great variation in the patterns of use. Some of the individuals organized their lives around the consumption of alcohol and drugs, while others experienced wide swings between acute use and restraint, and others were able to moderate their consumption. These patterns of use and abuse are important in designing treatment for the homeless mentally ill substance user.
Fischer, Pamela J., & Breakey, William. (1991). The epidemiology of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among homeless persons. American Psychologist, 46, 1115-1128. In a review of nine studies of primarily shelter and street-dwelling homeless individuals, the authors found lifetime alcohol use disorders from 28% - 68%, with rates of 58% - 68% for homeless men, 30% for homeless single women, and 10% for mothers in homeless families.
Glasser, Irene. (1996). The 1990 Decennial Census and patterns of homelessness in a small New England city. In : Dehavenon, Anna Lou (Ed.). There's no place like home: anthropological perspectives on housing and homelessness in the United States (pp. 19-33). Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. The United States has been counting its population since 1780. Many undercounted groups include migrants, illegal immigrants, Gypsies, and the homeless. This report is on a yearlong study of homeless people in a small city. Many of the homeless suffered from chronic substance abuse or mental illness. The largest group of homeless people was the doubled up population (those who resided with another household on a temporary basis). Being doubled up was also the most common precursor to other types of homelessness.
Link, Bruce G., et al. (1994). Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1907-1912. This telephone survey was the first to look at literal (sleeping in shelters and out-of -doors) and non-literal (staying temporarily with family or friends) homelessness throughout the U.S. The authors found that 7.4% of the 1507 interviewed had been literally homeless during their lifetime. This is much higher than a point-in-time census would indicate. Since the study was based on a telephone survey, it is probably an underestimate of the rate of homelessness.
Magura, S., Nwakeze, P. C., Rosenblum, A., & Joseph, H. (2000). Substance misuse and related infectious diseases in a soup kitchen population. Substance Use & Misuse, 35, 551-3. This article reports the results of a survey of alcohol and drug use among 219 New York City soup kitchen guests, not all of whom were homeless. The rate of drinking five or more drinks per day was 19% for women and 43% for men. An interesting finding was a large discrepancy between self-reported use of crack and opiates compared with hair analysis. For women, self-report for crack use was 51% in contrast to 80% crack use based on hair analysis. For men, the rates were 35% by self-report and 73% by hair analysis.
Robertson, M., Koegel, P., & Ferguson, L. (1989). Alcohol use and abuse among homeless adolescents in Hollywood. Contemporary Drug Problems, 16, 415-452. This study of homeless youth in Hollywood, found that 48.4% of the youth could be diagnosed as either alcohol users or alcohol dependent at some point in their lives. Even the non-abusers were at high risk of becoming problem drinkers. Most of the youth had not received any alcohol treatment and most were preoccupied with survival needs of food, shelter, and clothing. The researchers advocate that treatment for alcohol and drugs be offered with material help. An interesting observation was that alcohol users were less likely to utilize shelters than nonusers, probably due at least in part to the restrictive policies of the shelters. This is a cause for concern -- not using shelters puts the alcohol-using homeless youth put of the reach of help and in greater danger of victimization.
Rossi, P.H., Wright, J.D., Fisher, J. A., & Willis, G. (1987). The urban homeless: estimating composition and size. Science, (March), 1336-1341. This classic article distinguishes between the literally homeless (those sleeping in shelters or out-of-doors) and the precariously or marginally housed (those who have tenuous claims to a conventional dwelling, such as those doubling up with another family). Most of the homeless research cited in this bibliography refers to the literally homeless.
Urban Institute. (1999). Homelessness: programs and the people they serve. Summary report of the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients. Washington, D.C. : Urban Institute. This U.S. study of 4,207 randomly selected clients of homeless-serving agencies assessed self-reported alcohol problems. Reports indicated rates of 38% within the past month, 46% within the past year, and 62% within the individual's lifetime. The lifetime reported use of drugs was 58% and the lifetime reported existence of mental health problems was 57%. The lifetime reported combination of alcohol, drug, and mental health problems was 30%.
Health Care for the Homeless
Delivering health care to the homeless is particularly challenging. There are public health challenges to effectively delivering care for diseases such as tuberculosis, where the sleeping conditions facilitate its transmission and the lack of stability make treatment difficult.
Caminero, JA, et al. (1996). Evaluation of a directly observed six month fully intermittent treatment regimen for tuberculosis in patients suspected of poor compliance. Thorax, 51, 1130-1133. This study reports on the success of directly observed, twice-weekly drug therapy for previously non-compliant TB patients in Gran Canaria, Spain. The patients were homeless, chronic alcoholics, IV drug abusers, HIV positive, and had previously abandoned a daily anti-tuberculosis regimen. There were only three relapses of TB for 102 patients followed for one year and 88 followed for two years. The authors believe that directly observed therapy could be applied to high-risk patients in other industrialized countries with good success.
Gelberg, Lillian, et al. (1997). Competing priorities as a barrier to medical care among homeless adults in Los Angeles. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 217-220. This project studied 1563 sheltered and non-sheltered adults and their access to health care. The effort to meet basic survival needs of food, shelter, and safety was a barrier to receiving regular 'discretionary' (non-emergency) health care. Thus, these people may delay treatment during early stages of disease, and forego preventative care. The authors recommend locating health care at food giving agencies, since many people come there on a regular basis.
Gilders, Ian. (1997). Violence in the community-a study of violence and aggression in homelessness and mental health day services. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 377-387. Drop-in centers and daytime shelters are excellent sites for attracting homeless substance abusers into outreach and early intervention services. However, these "low demand" centers are occasionally the site of violent behavior by their clients. This article reports on an analysis of the aggression patterns of 30 clients involved in violent incidents at day centers in England. The study found that a past history of violence was most closely associated with an incident of aggression, followed by substance use and an age of under 35 years. Interestingly, mental illness was not significantly associated with violence. The authors suggest some general guidelines for the prevention of violence in these types of day centers.

Rahav, Michael, et al. (1998). HIV infection risks among homeless, mentally ill, chemical misusing men. Substance Use and Misuse, 33, 1407-1426. This article explored the relative importance of homelessness and depression in increasing risky behaviors of unsafe sex and unsafe IV drug use among homeless, mentally ill, chemically misusing men. Prolonged homelessness was correlated with risky sexual activities including having sex with strangers and/or with IV drug users. Depression was most related to unsafe IV drug use behavior. The authors see reducing homelessness as an urgent condition for reducing HIV infection.
Wright, James D. & Weber, Eleanor. (1987). Homelessness and health. Washington D.C.: McGraw-Hill Healthcare Information Center. This paper reports on Health Care for the Homeless, a landmark study involving 34,035 homeless clients in 19 U.S. sites. The findings laid the foundation for the development of subsequent health care for homeless projects. A large section reports on alcohol and drug use-related disorders.
Treatment
What treatment strategies have been found to be most effective for the homeless alcoholic? Although there does not appear to be a definitive treatment strategy, there are common elements to successful treatments. These include: integration of substance abuse and mental health services, easy access to entering the program, intensive case management, recreational programs, no disruption in transitioning to other programs such as from detoxification to longer term residence, and, very importantly, the provision of housing at the end of the substance abuse treatment.
Assessing Treatment Needs
Acosta, Olga & Toro. Paul A. (2000). Let's ask the homeless people themselves: a needs assessment based on a probability sample of adults. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 343-366. This is one of the few large-scale needs assessments with the homeless. In a probability sample of 301 homeless adults, safety, education, transportation, medical/dental needs and job training/ placement were rated more importantly than housing, mental health and substance abuse treatment. Beginning with the homeless individual's priorities is an important first step in any intervention.
Outreach and Engagement
Conley, Dalton Clark. (1996). Getting it together: social and institutional obstacles to getting off the streets. Sociological Forum, 11, 25-40. The author, working out of a law clinic located in a large New York city soup kitchen, explored why so few of the on-the-street homeless were taking advantage of a state- funded shared housing grant. Institutional obstacles (e.g., unreliable welfare payments) and personal obstacles (e.g., substance abuse) were found to contribute to a high level of mistrust of government programs.

Fournier, Louise, et al. (1993). Reaching the most destitute of the homeless: when success turns to failure. Contemporary Drug Problems, 415-431. From 1988 until it was closed in 1991, Dernier Recours Montréal (Last Resort Montreal) was a well attended 24 hour, seven days a week drop in center for the homeless in downtown Montreal. People came at all hours to rest, drink coffee, see a counselor, and get out of the cold. However, area businesses were outraged at the constant presence of the homeless. This study found that almost 50% of the DRM users suffered from a psychiatric disorder and almost one-third had a dual diagnosis (mental disorder and substance abuse). The authors noted that although DRM was very successful in attracting the clientele the center wished to serve, the lack of program and structure did nothing to improve the lives of most clients.
Ukeles Associates Inc. (1995). Evaluation of the Park Homeless Outreach Project report to the New York Community Trust. New York City: Ukeles Associates Inc. This evaluation assessed the effectiveness of utilizing outreach workers for the homeless men, women, and couples who occupied three Manhattan parks. During the two-year project, the outreach teams had contact with 283 different individuals. They connected 89 to services including alcohol and drug treatment, detoxification, entitlement programs, and temporary shelters. The outreach teams made contact with almost every homeless park dweller. Lessons learned included the importance for an individual outreach worker to concentrate on a very specific geographic location in the park, to have regular hours in the park, and to be able to be flexible and come to the park as needed. Cellular phones helped the outreach workers link the client directly and immediately with service providers when they were ready to move forward. Once the clients were housed, it was important for the outreach worker to stay in touch, and to find new housing if the first placement did not work out.
Motivational Interviewing (brief treatment)
Miller, W. R. and Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change addictive behavior. New York: Guilford Press. This classic work describes the technique of motivational interviewing (MI), a treatment approach that can reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption and other addictive behaviors in a number of diverse populations. It could well be adapted for the homeless. The five basic principles of MI are expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, avoiding argumentation, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy. In MI, clients are helped to move through the stages change: pre-contemplation, to contemplation and then to determination, action, and maintenance.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1999). Enhancing motivation for change in substance abuse treatment. Treatment improvement protocol series #35. Bethesda, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3354. This guide to best practices is designed to increase understanding of the role of motivation in substance abuse treatment. The guide offers many examples of effective strategies to increase a client's motivation to utilize substance abuse treatment.

Intensive Case Management
Cox, Gary B., et al. (1998). Outcome of a controlled trial of the effectiveness of intensive case management for chronic public inebriates. Journal of Studies in Alcohol, 59, 523-532.This excellent study recruited 298 chronically homeless alcoholics from a detoxification unit, and randomly assigned them to intensive case management or to a control group. Follow-up interviews every six months for two years indicted better outcomes for the case management group on three measures: total income from public assistance; stable housing; and decreased drinking. Although the results were not as dramatic as the authors anticipated, the CM model appeared to be very positive for the treatment of the homeless alcoholic.
Drake, Robert E. et al. (1997). Integrated treatment for dually diagnosed homeless adults. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 298-305. This study compared the course of substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, and housing stability of 217 homeless, dually diagnosed persons in Washington, DC. The homeless received either integrated treatment delivered by a community agency, or standard care from community services. Though not randomly assigned, much of the analysis looked at group differences. Both groups, surprisingly, received approximately the same amount of services, but the integrated treatment was delivered by more professionals, and was coordinated by a case manager. The authors' analysis revealed that it was the integration of services, rather than the professionalism, which was of most help. This major study illustrates that the fragmentation of services for the homeless is a major barrier to treatment.
Orwin, RG, Garrison-Mogren, R., Jacobs, M. L., & Sonnefeld, L. J. (1999). Retention of homeless clients in substance abuse treatment. Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Cooperative Agreement Program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17, 45-66. Retention of the homeless individual in a substance abuse program is a huge challenge, since this individual has probably already "dropped out" of many programs. In reviewing the findings of some of the major treatment studies, the authors conclude that being flexible enough to listen to the individual's and group's critique of any treatment program for the homeless, and then making adjustments, increases retention.
Perl, Harold I., & Jacobs, Mary Lou. (1992). Case management models for homeless persons with alcohol and other drug problems: an overview of the NIAAA Research Demonstration. Progress and Issues in Case Management, NIDA research monograph series #127 (pp. 208-222). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. In 1990, the NIAAA, in consultation with NIDA, funded 14 demonstration projects for alcohol and drug abuse treatment for the homeless. Thirteen of the projects provided intensive case management services to meet three primary goals: reduce consumption of alcohol and other drugs; increase participants' level of residential stability; and enhance their economic and/or employment status. Case management was defined as: an array of activities that are coordinated and delivered to clients on a regular basis, wherever they may be found, in order to assure that service needs are met. Important activities of case management are assessment, continuous service planning, advocacy, benefits acquisition, service linkage, and case monitoring.
Stahler, Gerald J. (1995). Social interventions for homeless substance abusers: evaluating treatment outcomes. In: Stahler, Gerald J., & Stimmel, Barry (Eds.). The effectiveness of social interventions for homeless substance abusers (pp. xiii-xxiv). New York: Haworth Medical Press. The case management model is particularly useful for life in shelters and on the streets. Services are fragmented and the homeless individual, because of his tenuous relationship to a place to sleep, has to be continually on the move. Many projects with the homeless indicate that substance abuse treatment and psychological help must be combined with assisting the client to meet basic survival needs of food, stable housing, employment, and/or receipt of financial benefits. The case manager is most often at the core of integrating these services.
Shelter Stabilization and Therapeutic Communities within Shelters
Argeriou, Milton, & McCarty, Dennis. (1993). The use of shelters as substance abuse stabilization sites. The Journal of Mental Health Administration, 20, 126-137. This article describes a stabilization program inside two shelters in Boston that have been in existence for ten years. The program offers homeless individuals who have gone through detoxification, but still have no place to live, a substance-free portion of a shelter. Clients who completed the stabilization program decreased their substance use and relapsed later than clients who did not complete the program. The utilization of shelters for substance abuse stabilization represents a cost-effective way to provide services, and shelters represent a "window of opportunity" to engage the homeless client in substance abuse treatment.
Nuttbrock, Larry A., et al. (1998). Outcomes of homeless mentally ill chemical abusers in community residences and a therapeutic community. Psychiatric Services, 49, 68-76. This study randomly assigned 694 homeless, mentally ill, chemical abusers to a community residence and to a therapeutic community. Both programs were enhanced to provide mental health and substance abuse treatment. Surprisingly, clients assigned to the "high demand" therapeutic community had better outcomes for both psychiatric symptoms and substance use. Depressed clients also reacted well to the emotional support provided by the therapeutic community.
Transitional and Supportive Housing
Conrad, Kendon J., et al. (1998). Case managed residential care for homeless addicted veterans: results of a true experiment. Medical Care, 36, 40-53. This randomized controlled trial was conducted for five years with 358 homeless male veterans addicted to alcohol and/or drugs. Approximately one quarter also had a psychiatric diagnosis. One group was randomized to case managed residential care (CMRC), which included up to six months of residential care and intensive case management for another six months. The CMRC group did better on the medical, alcohol, employment, and housing measure than the control group, which received a 21-day hospital program and subsequent follow-up to the community. However, the differences between the two groups greatly diminished after one year.

Susser, Ezra, et al. (1997). Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: a 'Critical Time' Intervention after discharge from a shelter. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 256-262. This research study lends support to the value of transitional services between shelter living and living in the community. The Critical Time Intervention provided the individual leaving the shelter with a worker who helped the individual build durable ties and supports in the community. The project involved a randomized trial of 96 homeless men with severe mental illness, half of whom also had substance abuse problems. Results indicated that over the 18-month follow-up period, there was a significant improvement by those who had received the CTI versus those who had received standard care.

Cross-National Comparisons of Homelessness
The definitions, understandings of causation, and philosophies of treatment of homelessness differ throughout the world. Below are several works that discuss homelessness among two or more cultures.
Glasser, Irene. (1994). Homelessness in global perspective. New York: G.K. Hall Reference, A Division of MacMillan, Inc. This is one of the few international comparisons of homelessness. In the industrialized world, margins of society. For example, until very recently, the Finnish word for homeless was alcoholism has traditionally been most strongly associated with lack of shelter and living at the puliukko, which means old (ukko) and alcoholic (puli, from the word pulituuri, meaning varnish/lacquer). In the third world, homelessness is most often associated with rural to urban migration and the existence of children on the street.

Glasser, Irene, Fournier, Louise, & Costopoulos, Andre'. (1999). Homelessness in Quebec City, Quebec, and Hartford, Connecticut: a cross-national and cross-cultural analysis. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 28, 141-164. When Quebec City, Quebec, and Hartford, Connecticut, were compared by rates and nature of homelessness, it was found that Quebec had a lesser rate of homelessness, and had few or no families who were homeless. In contrast, Hartford had a significant and growing number of homeless families. The authors, using their own primary research in their respective cities, suggested several hypotheses that might explain these differences. The authors also discussed the derivation of the term itinérant, which appears to refer to the legacy in Quebec of the former farm worker who moved to the city, found only occasional work as a laborer, and drank. The term itinérant (in contrast to sans-abri, which is closer to the English homeless) is the preferred term used by advocacy groups for the homeless in Quebec.
Helvie, Carl O., & Knunstmann, Wilfried (Eds.). (1999). Homelessness in the United States, Europe, and Russia. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. This collection compares homelessness in seven countries, reviewing definitions, ideas of causation, health care (including substance use), and social policies and services for the homeless. A local expert wrote each of the country contributions, with helpful charts compiled by the editors for ease of comparison.

Ethnographic Descriptions of the Culture of the Homeless
The following works are written by ethnographers who have spent extended periods of time studying communities of homeless people in order to tailor services effectively to the culture of the homeless.
Glasser, Irene. (1988). More than bread: ethnography of a soup kitchen. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. What happens when 100 or more very poor people, many of whom are substance abusers not in treatment, come together daily to eat and socialize in a barrier-free setting? This book explores the culture created in the dining room of a soup kitchen in the 1980's, where alcohol and drug users, people with chronic mental illness, and others in poverty came together. The irony is that these often minimally-staffed, non-governmental services were accepted and utilized by the very poor, while at the same time, many were shunning more professionalized treatment.
Glasser, Irene, & Bridgman, Rae. (1999). Braving the street: anthropological perspectives on homelessness. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books. This book reviews most of the ethnographic work from the U.S. and Canada on homeless individuals and families. A summary of projects that seek to prevent homelessness, or house the homeless, and take the culture of the homeless community into consideration is included.
Liebow, Elliot. (1993). Tell them who I am: the lives of homeless women. New York: Penguin Books. Elliot Liebow, an excellent urban anthropologist, spent most of his career with the National Institute of Mental Health. He was the author of Tally's Corner (Little, Brown Co., 1967) which influenced generations of students and professionals in the fields of sociology and anthropology. When diagnosed with cancer in the 1980's, he decided to work in homeless shelters when he felt well. This labor of love resulted in Tell Them Who I Am, an excellent ethnographic description and analysis of a group of homeless women in Washington, D.C. Liebow also utilized reflexive anthropology, since he had some of his key informants comment on his text. These commentaries are published as footnotes throughout the book.
Spradley, James. (1970). You owe yourself a drunk: an ethnography of urban nomads. Boston: Little, Brown. This is a classic ethnography in which Spradley sought to answer the question of why the alcoholics on skid row in Seattle, Washington, spent 30 days in jail and almost immediately went back to drinking. Spradley applied his skills as a linguistic anthropologist to appreciate the great fund of knowledge required for surviving on the street. Since he did this research, inexpensive single-room-occupancy hotels (SRO's) in which most of the men lived, have become scarce, and many of the men from the study would now be living in shelters, which offer less privacy and permanency than the SRO's of previous times.

Waterston, Alisse. (1999). Love, sorrow, and rage: destitute women in a Manhattan residence. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. This is the intimate story of residents from the Woodehouse, a program for women who have been homeless and who have chronic mental problems. Many also have severe substance abuse problems. This book offers the women's own voices, as Waterston develops an informal and mutual relationship with them. She cooks up stews in the kitchens, accompanies them to doctor appointments, and is shown the best sleeping spots in the subway system. Most of the women know that they have psychological problems, but generally hate the side effects of their psychotropic medications. They are also wary of becoming involved with mental health professionals because they "will be in the computer" and fear becoming hospitalized or incarcerated. Although this supportive housing program is a welcome respite from the streets, some of the women during the course of the study return to their homeless milieu.
Updated: March 2005

http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/social/Module10DHomeless/Module10D.html

ships that don't come in- and the homeless down on main- joe diffe

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blogspot:

HOMELESS HARLEY LAWRENCE OF NOVA SCOTIA- MURDERED DOWN ON MAIN- We must do better Nova Scotia- Canada- we just must- tears and prayers -a little good news-MAY 2014- CATCHING MONSTERS CAUGHT- HEALING GARDEN BUILT IN BERWICK NS-honour/June 28 2014- Another beloved Homeless Man savaged in Halifax Nova Scotia- LET'S FIX THIS- GOD'S WATCHING AND LOSING FAITH IN US /25 Famous people who were Homeless 2/ OPEN ARMS KENTVILLE- WHY AREN'T U OPENED 4 OUR BELOVED HOMELESS?? -Sept 24- AWESOME SHARE NS RCMP - RCMP NOVA SCOTIA SHARED THIS AWESOME RESPECT 4 HOMELESS AND PSYCHIATRIC -mental health or addiction PROBLEMS- 2do list
http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2013/10/homeless-harley-lawrence-of-nova-scotia.html

Lack of shelter	roofless sin techo (without roof)	India Latin America
Cut off from a household or other people	clochard (tramp) pennebruder (prison brothers) furosha (floating people) puliukko (elderly male alcoholic) itinérants (itinerants)	France Germany Japan Finland Quebec, Canada
Homeless or street children	gamino (gamin) pixote ( from the movie Pixote) khate (rag picker)	Colombia Brazil Nepal
Squatter settlements, spontaneous settlements	bidonvilles (tin cities) pueblos jóvenes (young towns) kampung (village)	Francophone Africa Lima, Peru Indonesia

Study Details	Rate of Alcohol Problems	Authors
U.S., random sample, comparison group	7.41% met DSM - IV criteria	NIAAA-NLAES (1992)
U.S., homeless men, women, mothers	58-68% men 30% women 10% mothers	Fisher & Breakey (1991)
U.S., individuals using homeless services	38% current 46% past year 62% life	Urban Institute (1999)
California, homeless youth	48.4% alcohol users or dependent	Robertson, et al. (2000)
NYC; soup kitchen; 5+ drinks per day	43% men, 19 women	Magura et al. (2000)
Rhode Island, sheltered homeless	29.3% lifetime abuse or dependence	Glasser & Zywiak (2001)

Individual and system-wide advocacy may include:
Accompanying the individual to appointments Comvincing treatment programs to accept the individual Improved diagnosis could extend the scope of services	Address issues such as lack of health care coveraage for indigent individuals without program benefits Work with coalitions and collaborative efforts to influence politics and policy (e.g., state-wide coalitions for homeless)

Friday, January 23, 2015

Doubling down on casinos

F**kING DRUNK DRIVERS- kill u by day or night and the mourning after- Nova Scotia Canada- Stop It!- Natasha Hope-Simpson- the face of damage by drunk hit and run driver- watch this be proven/NATASHA HOPE-SIMPSON MIRACLES UPDATES

The NSLC – Past, Present and Future

The Past

Canada[edit]

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NOVA SCOTIA AND CANADA PIMPING GAMBLING- History[edit]

Atlantic Lottery Corporation

Games and products[edit]

Community involvement[edit]

Regulator: ‘Nothing wrong’ with selling, buying back lottery home

where hope LIVES

Statement in Relation to the Dare to Dream Lottery

Problem gambling in B.C. more than doubled in 5 years

Over 31,000 problems gamblers in B.C. as of 2007, says Provincial Health Officer

Addiction a public health concern

Province ups gambling help

History

1908

1970

2000

2002

2003

2005

2006

2008

2013

Fact Sheet - Taxation by Aboriginal Governments

Tax Powers of Aboriginal Governments

Benefits of Taxation by Aboriginal Governments

Types of Aboriginal Government Taxes

First Nations Sales Tax (FNST) (Levied only by Indian Act bands)

First Nations Goods and Services Tax (FNGST) (Levied by Indian Act bands or Aboriginal Self-Governments)

First Nations Personal Income Tax (FNPIT) (Levied only by Aboriginal Self-Governments)

Real Property Tax under the Indian Act or the First Nations Fiscal Management Act

Self-Government Agreements

Provincial-type Taxes (Indian Act bands or Aboriginal Self-Governments)

Annex

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Jul 22 2014- Canada Unions-CUPE (POSTIES) N GREEN PARTY SUPPORTING HAMAS??? - Remembering Randy and Janet Connors and the horrific nightmare of AIDS and betrayal of innocent Canadians from Presidents 2 Red Cross donor institutions-CANADA'S STORY

Protecting Military kids-All Kids from bullying/BULLYCIDES/Global horrifying stats on bullying- Canada/UK/USA/Australia- uarechildrenofthe universe- u each matter/ONE BILLION RISING- no more excuses

CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Nov22- DRUNK MAYORS/DRUGGIE PM CONTENDERS/238 folks murdered by drunk-drugged drivers this year Nova Scotia- how canCanada Leaders push drugs and booze, n smoking 2 our kids???? WTF CANADA don't become USA???

CANADA- MEN STEPPING UP AGAINST ABUSE OF GIRLS-WOMEN- Canada is Manning Up- WHITERIBBON.CA- real men and boys stepping up 2 break the chains of abuse of women all over the world- empowering men and boys- no more excuses - no more abuses- pictures videos-Oct 04 2013

Canada’s race problem? It’s even worse than America’s.

Winnipeg rises to a challenge

These specific laws, administered by the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO), include:

Learning Objectives

Background

Pathways To Homelessness

The Relationship of Alcohol and Homelessness

Treatment of Substance Abuse Problems Among the Homeless

Outreach

Motivational Interviewing

Intensive Case Management

Stabilization Programs/Therapeutic Communities

Transitional/Supportive Housing

Confronting Barriers to Services for the Homeless

Summary

Discussion Issues

References

APPENDIX A

Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Homeless Population:

An Annotated Bibliography

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