Saturday, November 14, 2015

Canada Military News: Canada's Peacekeeping- Romeo Dallaire says time to put on our blue hats now- when the Hero of Rwanda speaks, we listen and obey as Canadians/ Bosnia/Africa/Canada Military- Gulf War/Afghanistan /Haiti/Golan Heights /Ebola Mission /Nepal... BUT...NEV-A AGAIN A RWANDA /Nato/NORAD/Canada Warriors of the North- RANGERS/Canada men and women serving are our true heroes -thank u /DECEMBER 9 2015- Romeo Dallaire says time to put on our blue hats now- when the Hero of Rwanda speaks, we listen and obey as Canadians /UPDATE FEB. 2- UN Peackeeper babyrapers... Canada we need to have hardcore CANADA UN Peacekeepers on the ground to earn UN rep back and play hardball with the monsters among us


Feb. 2016- EU And African UN Peackeepers shamed our services around the world with their paedophiles and rape of men and women........ Lord have mercy.... This must b fixed quickely..... Rwanda was horrendous... but this... this cannot be tolerated.... CANADA... WE NEED OUR UN PEACEKEEPING BACK WITH A HARSH MILITARY EDGE for the reality of todays world..... no more Geneva convention..... the monsters slither around and through it.... we said this in 2006 and look at the mess 2da...imho





Tribute- Canada's Blue Berets- Stompin Tom Connors - Blue Berets (1994) 


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BLOG: 


CANADA MILITARY NEWS: Canada Peacekeepers Honour Roll- Honour /One Martyr Down: The Untold Story Of A Canadian Peacekeeper Killed At War/RWANDA/stories/links- and always love and respect http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/08/canada-military-news-canada-peacekppers.html


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CANADA MILITARY : Peacekeeping and War-Cyprus/Rwanda/Yugosavia/Suez/Korean/Gulf War/ ColdWar/etc. A history of our Canada- Peacekeeping - War and the horrors our beautiful troops suffered - 4 our freedom - our flag and our beloved Canada. Question: why doesn't Islam nations fight so hard 4 their innocents?-why always our nations/ http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/03/canada-military-peacekeeping-and-war.html













FROM RWANDA- TO BABYRAPERS??? EWWWWW- noooo


 Canada starts from scratch on training peacekeepers



OTTAWA — The Trudeau government has promised to get Canada back into the peacekeeping business, but a new report from two independent think tanks says the military is ill-prepared for the task.
The study by the Rideau Institute and the Centre for Policy Alternatives was penned by Walter Dorn, a professor at the Canadian Forces Staff College and one of Canada’s leading experts in peacekeeping.
For the last decade, he says, the army has specialized in counter-insurgency warfare because of the combat mission in Kandahar and other skill sets — once second nature to Canadian training — were relegated to the back burner.
Dorn says the complexities of modern peace operations require in-depth training and education, on subjects including the procedures, capabilities and limitations of the United Nations.
He says Canada is currently far behind other nations in its readiness to support the United Nations and train for modern peacekeeping.
“Special skills, separate from those learned in Afghanistan and warfare training, would need to be (re)learned, including skills in negotiation, conflict management and resolution, as well as an understanding of UN procedures and past peacekeeping missions,” said the report.
“Particularly important is learning effective co-operation with the non-military components of modern peacekeeping operations, including police, civil affairs personnel and humanitarians, as well as UN agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the local actors engaged in building a viable peace.”
The focus of training at both the Canadian Forces Command College in Toronto and the army staff college in Kingston, Ont., is on “taking part in ‘alliance’ or NATO-style operations,” Dorn concluded.
Both Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan have said rather than sending a lot of soldiers, Canada can contribute equipment and expertise, such as commanders and headquarters contingents. But Dorn says the military regime provides less than a quarter of the peacekeeping instruction it did a decade ago.
The report recommends the reinstatement and updating of the many training programs and exercises that have been cut, and introducing new instruction that reflects the increasing complexity of modern peace operations.
“Canadian soldiers have served as superb peacekeepers in the past and can do so again, with some preparation,” the report says.
Following the Somalia scandal of the mid-1990s in which a teenager was tortured and killed at the hands of Canadian soldiers, National Defence recognized the need for specialized training. It was implemented with success between 1995 and 2005, when the army went into Kandahar.
Dorn says while the number of personnel deployed in the field by the United Nations is now at an all-time high of more than 125,000, the number of Canadian soldiers involved in those operations has dwindled to an all-time low of 29 as of Dec. 31

 via @chronicleherald


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O CANADA- Hero of Rwanda speaks -we listen as Canadians and obey-Roméo Dallaire and Shelly Whitman:Time to put the blue beret back on

 


Roméo Dallaire and Shelly Whitman: Time to put the blue beret back on


 

 Published on: December 9, 2015 | Last Updated: December 9, 2015 11:41 AM EST

 


As of October 2015, Canada has a total of 116 security personnel — police, military and observers — serving overseas as peacekeepers, which ranks us 66th in the world by total contributions to UN peacekeeping missions. Are we not the birthplace of peacekeeping and home of this proud tradition?
Today, Canada contributes its 116 peacekeepers across 5 of the 18 United Nations peacekeeping missions currently underway around the globe. Canada has in recent years increased its efforts as part of NATO coalitions — specifically Afghanistan and Syria — while lessening our role with UN peacekeeping.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has made reengaging with United Nations peacekeeping operations a clear priority. But what should our reengagement on peacekeeping look like after so many years playing such a minor role?
As peacekeeping has evolved, so should our contributions. Peacekeeping missions do not only require battalions of resources and boots on the ground. Increasingly they require specialized troops or materials that can perform specific tasks and help reinforce the larger mandate of the mission.
Let’s take for example the United Nations Assistance Mission to South Sudan (UNMISS), which stands as one of Canada’s largest UN peacekeeping contributions with 12 peacekeepers deployed.
South Sudan currently represents the UN’s second largest humanitarian mission, with a peacekeeping force of 11,350 troops. With at least 16,000 child soldiers being used by all sides, splintering factions and fluid alliances, South Sudan represents a potent mixture of fragile peace and open conflict that has devolved to mass atrocities on occasion.
Having recently returned from a high-level advocacy mission to South Sudan for the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative and UNICEF South Sudan, we can attest that the situation is dire. Establishing sustained peace in South Sudan will only be possible with the full support of peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts, and a recognition that children and youth be made central to the attainment of peace and security.
UNMISS has continually been hampered with a lack of strategic assets — rapid response teams, aircrafts and analytical staff – needed to support the ongoing efforts of humanitarians and to bring security to sections of the country where it is desperately needed. Central to this are the enormous challenges of dealing with massive numbers of child soldiers both on the humanitarian and security fronts.
With over a decade of experience fighting in complex environments in the Middle East, Canada has developed and maintained many of these critical resources that are needed by the UN in South Sudan. It would be an utter waste to let these resources atrophy, and maintain the status quo. Providing assets — rapid response teams, aircrafts and analytical staff, and new tools — will go a long way in beginning to fulfill our government’s promise to reengage in a meaningful way with UN peace operations.
In addition, supporting innovative efforts such as raising children on the peace and security agenda, blending security sector and educational approaches, committing strategic assets, and supporting the efforts of our highly competent diplomatic staff located in South Sudan will signal Canada’s re-investment in UN peacekeeping operations and create results. Supporting these efforts will lead to lasting peace to South Sudan.
If Canada wants to once again to engage with UN peacekeeping operations, we need to be able to commit on multiple fronts and provide more durable and innovative interventions to address conditions on the ground. For far too long, countries have dictated to missions what they will provide, without the information or insight of what is actually needed.
Canada is in a position to regain its place as an innovator and leader in peacekeeping operations around the globe. On Dec. 10, the UN Security Council will debate the renewal of the peacekeeping mandate for South Sudan.
It is time to show that Canada is indeed back as peacekeeper, peacemaker and honest broker.
Roméo Dallaire is a retired lieutenant-general, celebrated humanitarian and founder of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative. Dr. Shelly Whitman is the Executive Director of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative.

 http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/romeo-dallaire-and-shelly-whitman-time-to-put-the-blue-beret-back-on/

 

 

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"War Is Delightful to Those Who Have No Experience of It." - Desiderius Erasmus

 

 




Canada’s forgotten Cold Warriors
PAUL MANSON
Contributed to The Globe and Mail
Last updated Tuesday, Nov. 10, 2015 6:29PM EST
The federal election campaign, coupled with recent compelling reporting in The Globe and Mail about Canada’s military veterans, has stimulated welcome – and much needed – discussion about our veterans and the ways in which they are treated.
But references in two recent and otherwise thoughtful articles follow a disturbing pattern. One article, which included tallies from Veterans Affairs Canada, referred to “685,300 Canadian veterans: 75,900 from the Second World War, 9,100 from the Korean War and 600,300 from subsequent peacekeeping missions and conflicts, including at least 40,000 younger Afghanistan war vets.” Another opinion article took up the same theme, referring to Canadian casualties in the First and Second World Wars, Korea, Afghanistan and “numerous United Nations peacekeeping assignments.”
Stunningly absent from both accounts is even the slightest mention of what was by far Canada’s most important military activity since 1945: Our contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) in the Cold War, from 1950 to 1990. It was a massive commitment. Several hundred thousand Canadian military members served in the vital cause of deterring Soviet aggression, thereby joining Canada’s allies in preventing the outbreak of a third world war and the nuclear holocaust that would have ensued.
And our Canadian soldiers, sailors and air officers were good. At one point, the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, an American, told me, “You Canadians set the standard in NATO.” We were well trained, well equipped and superbly motivated. In spite of unique organizational challenges, we earned great respect from our allies. Our small but powerful mechanized brigade in West Germany was an elite force, given the toughest assignments. Our air force, both in NORAD and in Europe, won numerous competitions, especially with the Canadian-built and powered F-86 Sabre, considered the world’s best fighter in the 1950s. At sea, our navy showed that it was a quality force. On several occasions, a Canadian was chosen to command NATO’s Standing Naval Force Atlantic.
Canada and Canadians paid a heavy price for all this. To put it concisely, our Cold War operations resulted in more fatalities due to military service than in the Korean War, the Balkan conflicts, the Gulf Wars, Afghanistan and peacekeeping – combined. For aircrew deaths alone, the number was 926.
Why has this been forgotten, to the extent that Cold War veterans apparently don’t seem to deserve even a passing mention these days?
Some possible reasons come to mind. Much of this happened a relatively long time ago, much of it far from home Рin the north, at sea, in Europe. And news media coverage was much less intensive in the days before real-time TV reporting and embedded journalists. For example, whenever a Canadian airman was killed in Europe (as more than 100 were), he was invariably buried in a small military cemetery in Choloy-M̩nillot, France; no ramp ceremony, no funerary procession along the Highway of Heroes, no headlines.
Then there is the mythology that has arisen to the effect that peacekeeping has been the principal occupation of Canada’s military since the Second World War. Our Blue Beret peacekeepers did wonderful work back when there were real opportunities for keeping conflicting armies apart, but the reason they were so effective is that they had the skills and credibility that come from having been trained for modern heavy warfare.
Another explanation for the public silence regarding Canada’s NATO and NORAD veterans is that there has emerged a troubling tendency on the part of some in this country to look upon those who did not fight in a shooting war as second-class veterans.
My entire career was encompassed by the Cold War years, including 10 years with my family in France and Germany. The Cold War, however, was not a shooting war. I have told Canadians on many occasions that my greatest pride in having served is that, from the end of the Korean War until I retired 37 years later, not a single shot was fired in combat by the Canadian military.
Our job was deterrence, and deterrence worked. We trained for war so that we wouldn’t have to fight a war.
It’s a shame that the story has been largely forgotten. On this Remembrance Day, my earnest hope is that Canadians, when they pause to commemorate the many sacrifices that our veterans have made through the years, will give a moment to those whose service as Cold Warriors, although unheralded, really made a difference. Lest we forget.







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The Canadian Armed Forces in the Balkans

Introduction





When Canadians think about Canadian Armed Forces personnel serving in overseas peace efforts, one of the first places they probably think about is the Balkan peninsula of southeast Europe.
Canadians have served in European Community, United Nations (UN) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) missions in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and Macedonia – new countries that have risen out of the ashes of the former country of Yugoslavia. Beginning in 1991, tens of thousands of Canadian Armed Forces members strived over the years to help make the region secure and nurture the fragile peace so recovery can continue after years of fierce fighting.

Balkans

The Balkan countries which have seen such turmoil are located in southeast Europe, north of Greece and across the Adriatic Sea from Italy. This is a land of beautiful mountains, fertile plains and an island-studded coastline that stretches along the Adriatic Sea.
For much of the 20th century, this area was a single Communist country known as Yugoslavia. However, long-standing ethnic, religious and political differences between the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Muslim populations who have lived there for centuries created an environment of distrust that made for an unstable situation.
Once the authoritarian rule in the country began to crumble, the different ethnic and religious factions erupted into violence. In the early 1990s, the various regions tried to split off and form their own countries, dividing along ethnic and religious lines. There were many cases of ethnic cleansing where entire villages or areas of minorities were persecuted, driven out or killed outright by armies.

The World Responds

As the world saw the violence descend on the region, the international community moved to respond. The first direct Canadian involvement would come in 1991-1992 when some Canadian Armed Forces officers participated in the European Community Monitoring Mission there.
Canada and other countries then deployed a large UN peacekeeping force (known as the United Nations Protection Force, or UNPROFOR) to try to curb the violence in the region, particularly in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This would be only the first of a series of UN (and later, NATO) peace support efforts in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia and Kosovo in the former Yugoslavia.
The situations that Canadian Armed Forces members encountered during their efforts in the Balkans were unique. The skills needed for a peace mission are often quite different from the skills required to fight a conventional conflict. Peacekeepers must be trained for war and for peace. The Canadians who have served in the Balkans over the years have performed many roles. They monitored ever-shifting and fragile cease-fire lines and forced open lines of supply to besieged areas in order to bring in food and humanitarian supplies to the civilians trapped in the middle of the fighting. In the waters of the Adriatic Sea, our country deployed naval and air resources to assist the UN in its naval blockade of arms shipments to the region. Canadians also tried to protect areas of ethnic minorities (so-called "safe areas" which would tragically prove to be not very safe) which were under siege from the majority militias.
Canada and other peacekeeping nations faced huge challenges in the Balkans and there was only so much they could do to curb the worst of the violence brought on by the hatred and viciousness of the combatants there. Many horrible acts were perpetrated that the peacekeepers simply could not prevent.
Today, the active fighting is over. The last sizable Canadian Armed Forces presence left the region in 2004, but a European Union peace support force remains in the region to help keep the peace and support those who live in the region as they move toward a more peaceful future.

Facts and Figures

  • The largest number of Canadians to serve in a UN mission in the region at any one time was 2,000. More than 40,000 troops from many countries took part in the largest UN contingent that served during the peace support missions.
  • NATO contingents continue to play a peacekeeping role in the region. At times, NATO troop strengths have reached 60,000, including up to 1,500 Canadians.
  • In the spring of 1999, Canadian pilots flew combat missions for the first time since the Korean War.
  • In Macedonia in 1999-2000, Canada sent its largest single overseas deployment of troops since the Korean War. Canada also deployed heavy tanks in a conflict situation for the first time since the Korean War.

Heroes and Bravery

Often we think of the dangers of war and heroic acts of bravery as belonging to generations of the past. However, in the 1990s, Canadian Armed Forces members found themselves in a full-fledged war zone where peacekeeping troops had to engage in firefights to try to fulfill their missions.
  • Major Joseph Servais and Captain Joseph Brosseau both were awarded Meritorious Service Medals for their work as monitors with the European Union Monitoring Mission in the region in the early 1990s. Servais was responsible for eight monitoring teams, often conducting the most dangerous missions himself. Brosseau led the mission in Sarajevo at the time, planning and leading the dangerous six-hour convoy to safely evacuate his group when ordered to leave.
  • In September 1993, Canadian soldiers experienced their most intense firefight since the Korean War when members of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry were pounded with heavy machine gun fire, grenades, cannons and small arms fire in the Medak Pocket of Croatia.
  • Captain Joseph Bélisle and Sergeant Mario Forest received Medals of Bravery while serving in Sarajevo for rescuing two seriously wounded women. While under sniper fire, Captain Bélisle returned fire to shield Sergeant Forest, who crawled to reach the two victims and remove them from danger. The two Canadians, still under fire, then helped the women into a military vehicle.
  • On two occasions, Canadian soldiers found themselves in hospitals full of patients that had been abandoned by staff due to increased fighting in the area. In one situation, troops found, protected and gave aid to a large number of mentally and physically challenged patients who needed a very high level of care.

Sacrifice


Canadians can be rightfully proud of their reputation around the world as a force for peace, but this comes at a price. About 130 Canadians have died in the course of Canada’s peace support operations around the world. In the Balkans, 23 Canadians lost their lives in the various missions and many more were injured.
The wounds of peacekeeping are not always caused by hostile fire, land mines or accidents. They do not always leave physical scars. The mission in the former Yugoslavia was particularly difficult for those deployed there. The human atrocities perpetrated against the civilian population were horrific – witnessing human brutality on this scale has a deep impact on those who see it.
Learning about what the Veterans of these Canadian Armed Forces missions in the Balkan States have done and sacrificed in the course of their duties is important. By understanding their role, we honour their achievements. Knowing about Canada’s values and history helps us understand the Canada we live in today.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by all those that served, and continue to serve, during times of war and peace, and to become involved in remembrance activities that will help to preserve their legacy for future generations of Canadians.
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The Canadian Armed Forces in Afghanistan

Introduction




The chain of events that would bring Canadian soldiers into the desolate and dangerous terrain of Afghanistan began on September 11, 2001. On that day, four airliners were hijacked in the skies over the eastern United States; two were deliberately crashed into the World Trade Center towers and one into the Pentagon, resulting in the death of nearly 3,000 people. These horrific attacks shocked and galvanized the United States and much of the world. Canada would soon play a role in the ensuing international efforts to battle terrorism and help bring democracy to Afghanistan.

Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a rugged country in Southwest Asia, located between Pakistan and Iran. This ancient, mountainous land is about the size of Saskatchewan and has a population of approximately 30 million people. The various ethnic groups and factions that have made the country home over the centuries have given Afghanistan a rich heritage and diversity, but have also helped make peace and stability difficult to achieve.
The civil war that broke out after the former Soviet Union withdrew from its military occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s would see the Taliban regime gain control of the country. This extreme fundamentalist regime severely limited civil rights and supported international terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda (the group which was behind the attacks in the United States). In the wake of September 11, the United States and the world took action through the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Canada and the World Respond

The first Canadian Armed Forces contribution to the campaign against terrorism in Southwest Asia came at sea. Beginning in October 2001, Canadian ships would see ongoing duty in the waters off the region, supporting and defending the international fleet operating there as well as locating and searching unknown boats looking for illegal activity.
The Aurora patrol aircraft and Hercules and Polaris transport planes of the Canadian Armed Forces Air Command would also be active in Afghanistan and the waters off Southwest Asia, filling important roles in marine surveillance, transporting supplies and personnel, and evacuating casualties. Canadian helicopters also provided important service in identifying merchant vessels and offering valuable transport support over the years.
Canadian soldiers soon travelled to Afghanistan as well. The first were commandos from the elite Joint Task Force 2 (JTF 2) in December 2001, followed by other Canadian soldiers in January 2002 who were initially based in Kandahar. There they joined American and British troops already fighting to topple the Taliban regime, eliminate terrorist operations and establish the basis for lasting peace in the troubled country.
With the eventual fall from power of the Taliban, attention turned to stabilizing the country and helping establish a new Afghan government. The UN authorized a NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to take on this challenge. The initial Canadian contribution to the ISAF in the summer of 2003 consisted of more than 700 Canadian Armed Forces members stationed in Kabul, the country’s capital, with 200 more providing support from elsewhere in Southwest Asia. In Kabul, the Canadians patrolled the western sector of the city, helped operate the airport and assisted in rebuilding the Afghan National Army.
In 2005, the Canadian Armed Forces’ role evolved again when they began to shift back to the volatile Kandahar region. While the Taliban government had been toppled, the group remained a strong presence in some areas of the country. Indeed, Canada’s return to Kandahar coincided with a resurgence in Taliban activity and our soldiers quickly found themselves the targets of attack.
The numbers of Canadian soldiers soon swelled to approximately 2,300 to help deal with the enemy and support the Provincial Reconstruction Team operating there. Canadian tanks, artillery and infantry soldiers all took part in many ground operations in Kandahar, including large-scale offensives against massed Taliban forces. This chapter of Canada's efforts in Afghanistan was the most perilous. Anytime Canadian soldiers left the relative safety of their main camps to go "outside the wire," the danger was very real.
Canada’s combat role in the country ended in 2011 when the focus shifted to training Afghanistan’s army and police force and the last of our service members left the country in March 2014. But Canada’s efforts in the troubled country have been numerous. Reaching out in an attempt to build trust and win the hearts and minds of the people of Afghanistan was an important goal. In addition to their military activities, Canadian Armed Forces members engaged in many humanitarian efforts like digging wells, rebuilding schools and distributing medical and relief supplies, both as part of their official mission and on a volunteer basis.

Facts and Figures

  • More than 40,000 Canadian Armed Forces members served in the Afghanistan theatre of operations between 2001 and 2014. These brave men and women are eligible to receive the General Campaign Star-Southwest Asia.
  • Afghanistan is a very poor country and its climate can be extreme. Summer temperatures of 50° C are common and huge dust storms can sweep across its arid deserts.
  • Camp Nathan Smith was a base for Canadian operations in Kandahar for several years. It was named in honour of a soldier from Nova Scotia who was killed there in 2002.
  • Operation Medusa was a September 2006 offensive in Kandahar province that involved more than 1,000 Canadian Armed Forces members, making it our country’s largest combat operation in more than 50 years. The heavy fighting in Operation Medusa tragically saw the loss of 12 Canadians, but the Taliban were pushed from the Panjwai district.

Heroes and Bravery

Canadians demonstrated great bravery time and again in Afghanistan. Here are just some examples of that valour.
  • A number of Canadians who served in Afghanistan have earned the Star of Military Valour, our country’s second-highest decoration for courage. The first was Sergeant Patrick Tower in August 2006 when he braved enemy fire to lead the extraction of a platoon that had come under heavy attack.
  • Flight Lieutenant Chris Hasler, a Canadian serving with Britain’s Royal Air Force, received the Distinguished Flying Cross for piloting helicopter resupply missions under fire in July 2006. He was the first Canadian to be decorated for bravery in the air in more than 50 years.
  • Captain Nichola Goddard became the first female Canadian Armed Forces member to die in combat duty when the forward artillery observer was killed in a firefight on May 17, 2006.

Sacrifice



Canada’s efforts in Afghanistan have made a difference, but this has come at a great cost. The threat of suicide attacks and roadside bombs was a constant risk. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) caused the most Canadian casualties. There were also many other perils beyond ambushes and firefights with the enemy. Landmines and friendly fire incidents took the lives of our soldiers while vehicle accidents, illnesses and the psychological strain of serving in such a difficult environment also took a heavy and life-long toll. Sadly, 158 Canadian Armed Forces members died in the cause of peace and freedom in Afghanistan.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by those who have served–and continue to serve–during times of war and peace. As well, it invites Canadians to become involved in remembrance activities that will help preserve their legacy for future generations.

For More Information

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The Canadian Armed Forces in the Congo

Introduction



Imagine travelling far from home to a war-torn country where chaos, violence and weapons are everywhere. Then imagine being a Canadian Armed Forces member there trying to restore peace and freedom. Welcome to the world of peace support operations in the Congo, where more than 2,500 Canadians have served to try to help stabilize and rebuild the country during the course of several military missions from 1960 to today.

The Congo

The Congo is a large country in central Africa (almost as large as the provinces of Ontario and Quebec combined) that has a population of more than 70,000,000 people. An ecologically-rich land, it straddles the equator and is home to the second-largest rain forest in the world.
The Congo has had a tumultuous history. Formerly known as the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo, it suffered greatly during its 90-year colonial period. It was ruled by Belgium until 1960 when the country finally gained its independence. The transition from colony to nationhood, however, was far from smooth. The departure of the Belgian administrators left the country in disarray as they had not prepared for the transfer of power to the local people. Political in-fighting, inter-tribal tensions, famine, an army mutiny, international interference and widespread violence ensued, threatening to throw the country into a state of chaos.

Canada and the World Respond

Belgium decided to send its troops in to try to restore order and protect Belgian nationals who were still living there. This step was done without the consent of the new country’s government, however, which then called on the United Nations (UN) for help in dealing with what it perceived as “external aggression.” The UN was concerned by the volatile political situation, social upheaval and starvation in the country. They called on Belgium to leave the Congo and sent in international troops almost immediately. These peacekeepers’ initial mission was to ensure that the Belgian troops departed, as well as to help restore order and stability. It was a major undertaking—violence was rife and the country was so large that a major international intervention would be required to possibly make a difference. Eventually a UN force of more than 20,000 personnel would serve in the Congo (including more than 300 Canadians), plus thousands of civilian foreign aid workers who travelled to the country to provide food and assistance to the suffering people.
Just a few years after their first large-scale peacekeeping effort in response to the Suez Crisis, UN troops soon found themselves exposed to a new type of peace mission where they were authorized to use force in fulfilling their mandate. The mission would prove to be complex and drew the peacekeepers into performing new roles.
The main military focus of the mission was to preserve the territorial integrity of the Congo. They were able to prevent break-away portions of the country from seceding and helped push out the foreign mercenaries who were contributing to political instability. In the end, unfortunately, the UN forces were not enough to stop the greater forces of upheaval rocking the Congo and they departed in 1964, ending the initial international military peace effort in the country.
Sadly, the situation in the Congo has remained troubled. The country was renamed Zaire (as it was known between 1964 and 1996) and suffered under a dictatorship for decades. Major unrest would erupt again in the mid-1990s as refugees streamed into the eastern portions of the country following upheavals in the neighbouring countries of Rwanda and Burundi. Canada made an effort to alleviate the growing crisis in 1996 by joining a short-lived multinational force to provide humanitarian aid and help refugees return home. More than 350 Canadians participated in the mission.
A violent coup then occurred in the Congo in 1997, with ethnic strife and civil war engulfing the country. Some reports suggest that up to 3.8 million died in the subsequent violence. The UN again intervened with a military mission in 1999 that continues to this day. Canadian Armed Forces members have been a part of this effort as well, trying to help stabilize the region by flying in supplies and personnel, providing mission staff and supporting humanitarian aid efforts.

Facts and Figures

  • The original peacekeeping mission to the Congo was one of the largest ever under taken. At times in the early 1960s, there were more than 20,000 UN personnel from 30 countries involved.
  • In 1961, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold died in a suspicious plane crash while in Africa trying to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the crisis.
  • Due to the Congo’s background as a Belgian colony, French-speaking peacekeepers were at a premium and Francophone Canadian officers held key positions in the UN command.
  • The Congo in the 1960s was the first time the UN authorized the use of deadly force other than strictly in self-defence. They would not do so again until the missions in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
  • The current UN effort in the Congo is also a large one, with approximately 18,000 troops taking part.

Heroes and Bravery

  • Brigadier-General Jacques Dextraze was chief of staff of the UN forces in the Congo from 1963 to 1964. He led a series of missions to rescue groups of non-combatants from combat zones and was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, with oak leaf, for his brave service.
  • Lieutenant J.F.T.A. Liston of the Royal 22e Régiment was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for rescuing a wounded person from a minefield.
  • Lieutenant-Colonel Paul Mayer and Sergeant J.A. Léonce received the George Medal for rescuing priests and nuns from a dangerous situation that saw Léonce single-handedly hold off 15 armed enemy soldiers.

Sacrifice

Serving in international peace support efforts is dangerous duty. Canadian Armed Forces members must enter volatile situations where the risk of personal harm is very real. Hostile fire, landmines and vehicle accidents are perhaps the most obvious dangers in a conflict zone, but they are not the only ones. Serious illnesses and harsh psychological effects resulting from the arduous conditions can take a serious and life-long toll, as well. The military missions in the Congo have been particularly dangerous. Approximately 280 UN peacekeepers have lost their lives there over the years, including two Canadians who paid the ultimate price to help the people in the strife-torn country. There have been about 130 Canadian casualties directly associated with peacekeeping operations.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by those who have served–and continue to serve– during times of war and peace. As well, it invites Canadians to become involved in remembrance activities that will help preserve their legacy for future generations.

For More Information

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The Canadian Armed Forces and the Persian Gulf War

Introduction


Canada has participated in overseas peace efforts with international organizations like the United Nations (UN). However, not all of Canada's international military efforts over the last 50 years have been peacekeeping missions. At times, Canada has also responded by participating in military actions against aggressive nations who would deny basic human rights to others.
The Persian Gulf War of the early 1990s was a struggle that is well-known to many Canadians. More than 4,000 Canadian Armed Forces personnel served in the tense Persian Gulf region in 1990-91, as part of the international coalition of countries that came together to force the invading forces of Iraq out of neighbouring Kuwait. In the aftermath of the conflict, Canadians continued to serve in peacekeeping and embargo-enforcement efforts in the region.

Persian Gulf


Iraq and Kuwait are Arab countries located next to each other in the heart of the oil-rich Middle East, a region of the world steeped in history. In fact, many archeologists would say that civilization itself was born in the Fertile Crescent – the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq.
In the 20th century, both Iraq and Kuwait achieved independence. However, the relationship between these two countries has not been smooth. Iraq had long felt that Kuwait was really a part of Iraq and that Kuwaiti oil rigs were illegally tapping into Iraqi oil fields. In the late 1980s, tensions grew and relations between Iraq and Kuwait became much worse. On August 2, 1990, the situation came to a head when Iraq invaded Kuwait, quickly taking control of its smaller neighbour.

The World Responds

The UN, along with many individual countries, condemned this bold and aggressive act. Canada joined a 35-country, American-led international coalition to liberate Kuwait. The coalition was operating under the mandate of a UN resolution that approved the use of force. In late 1990 and early 1991, the Canadian Armed Forces and the military of other coalition countries moved into the region and prepared for the showdown.
The coalition forces began a devastating air campaign after a UN-set deadline for Iraqi withdrawal was ignored. This was followed by an armour and infantry offensive that rapidly pushed the Iraqis out of Kuwait and well back into their own country. This fulfilled the coalition's mandate to liberate Kuwait. The coalition suspended the fighting and offered a cease-fire which Iraq accepted on March 3, 1991. The official end of the war left Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein, and his military, defeated – but Hussein retained power in Iraq. He would remain in control for more than 12 years until the second Gulf War of 2003 finally swept him from power.
After the Gulf War ended, Canadian troops remained in the region as part of the UN peacekeeping mission along the Iraq-Kuwait border, monitoring the demilitarized zone between the two countries, investigating cease-fire violations and clearing land mines. Canada also had a role in the special commission to seek out Iraq's biological, chemical and nuclear weapons production facilities. On the water, Canadian warships participated in Multinational Interception Force operations and helped to enforce the economic sanctions imposed against Iraq after the Gulf War.

Facts and Figures

  • The Canadian Naval Task Group, consisting of the destroyers HMCS Terra Nova and HMCS Athabaskan, and the supply ship HMCS Protecteur, intercepted suspicious shipping in the area.
  • CF-18 jet squadrons with approximately 500 personnel, operating out of the Canada Dry bases in the Persian Gulf nation of Qatar, performed combat air control, escort and reconnaissance missions. For the first time since the Korean War, Canadian air-to-surface attacks took place during the conflict.
  • A Canadian field hospital with 530 personnel operated with the British division, caring for both British and Iraqi wounded.
  • The Air Command Transport Group provided air transport of personnel and cargo.

Heroes and Bravery

On a searing hot afternoon in Kuwait City, an overheated convoy truck caught fire suddenly, setting off a series of explosions that injured many American soldiers and caused widespread panic. Captain Fred Kaustinen, acting commander of 1 Combat Engineer Regiment, and 50 of his troops took immediate action, remaining on the scene to provide emergency treatment and medical evacuation for the wounded.
Maintaining the post-war embargo against Iraq could also be dangerous. In 2001, when HMCS Winnipeg stopped an oil tanker to check it for illegal activity, Petty Officer 2nd Class Richard Swann led a four-man boarding party that forced its way onto the boat. On board the tanker, he and his team were confronted by angry and uncooperative smugglers. However, PO2 Swann quickly took charge of the tense situation. The ship and its cargo of 7,000 tonnes of smuggled oil was successfully seized.
The Gulf War marked the first time that female enlisted soldiers operated in combat. It was especially challenging for these trail-blazing Canadian women because they were serving in orthodox Muslim countries in the Middle East where traditional gender roles are very different than in Canada.

Sacrifice

Theatres of war, like the Persian Gulf in the early 1990s, are dangerous places. There are many risks for soldiers in a modern war zone that go beyond the obvious ones of enemy fire or landmines. Friendly fire incidents, vehicle accidents, mysterious illnesses and the psychological stress of serving in such stressful conditions can take a terrible and life-long toll.
Fortunately, no Canadian Armed Forces members died in the course of the Gulf War. However, 158 Canadian personnel died in the course of our country's engagement in Afghanistan. These people take their honoured place with their fellow service members from the First World War, the Second World War and Korean War as people who paid the ultimate price for their country.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by Canada's Veterans during times of war, military conflict and peace, and to become involved in remembrance activities that will help to preserve their legacy for future generations of Canadians.


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Canadian Rangers







Canadian Ranger on snowmobile
The Canadian Rangers are a sub-component of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve. They provide patrols and detachments for national-security and public-safety missions in sparsely settled northern, coastal and isolated areas of Canada.

About the Canadian Rangers

The Canadian Rangers are a sub-component of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Reserve.
They provide patrols and detachments for national-security and public-safety missions in sparsely settled northern, coastal and isolated areas of Canada that can not conveniently or economically be covered by other parts of the CAF.






The Canadian Rangers protect Canada's sovereignty by:

  • Reporting unusual activities or sightings;
  • Collecting local data of significance to the CAF; and
  • Conducting surveillance or sovereignty patrols as required.

Canadian Rangers by the numbers:

  • Approximately 5000 – current number of Canadian Rangers;
  • Over 200 – number of communities where Canadian Rangers live; and
  • 26 – dialects/languages spoken by Canadian Rangers, many of whom are Aboriginal.

What We Do: The Rangers’ Tasks

The Canadian Rangers are the military’s eyes and ears in the sparsely settled northern, coastal and isolated areas of Canada. Appropriately, their motto is Vigilans, meaning “The Watchers.”
As members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), the Canadian Rangers
  • Conduct and support sovereignty operations:
    • Conduct sovereignty and surveillance patrols and training
    • Conduct North Warning Site patrols
    • Report suspicious and unusual activities
    • Collect local data of military significance
  • Conduct and assist in CAF domestic operations:
    • Conduct coastal and inland water surveillance
    • Provide local knowledge and expertise
    • Participate in search and rescue operations
    • Provide support in response to natural or man-made disasters and humanitarian operations
    • Provide assistance to federal, provincial/territorial or municipal authorities
  • Maintain CAF presence in the local community:
    • Instruct and supervise youth in the Junior Canadian Rangers (JCR) Program, a program that has significantly improved the quality of life of young people in the most isolated areas of Canada
    • Support and participate in events in the local community (such as Yukon Quest, Canada Day, and Remembrance Day)
Canadian Rangers in the past have
  • Conducted routine search and rescue operations;
  • Provided assistance during the avalanche at Kangiqsualujjuaq in northern Québec;
  • Provided support during the drinking water crisis in Kashechewan, Ontario; and
  • The Rangers perform their tasks exceptionally well and are extremely valuable to the CAF.


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Do We Make U Proud: tears and prayers yes, oh yes on this day- u r the true heroes of this earth....NATO NATION









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Canadahistory.com

Canadahistory.com

UNTSO | UNMOGIP | UNEFI | UNOGIL | ONUC | UNTEA | UNYOM | UNFICYP | DOMREP | UNIPOM | UNEFII |UNDOF | UNIFIL | UNGOMAP | UNIIMOG | UNAVEM | UNTAG | ONUCA | UNIKOM | MINURSO | UNBALKANS |UNAFGANISTAN



Canada's role as a peacekeeper throughout the world began in the 50's when Lester Pearson, Canada's ambassador to the UN suggested that the organization might create a peace keeping force. This force could be injected into a war or conflict area in order to maintain  a ceasefire while the respective combatants negotiated an alternative solution to fighting. Canada is known throughout the world for it's readiness to contribute troops or support to peace keeping missions and has participated in more missions then any other country in the world. The missions listed on the left are the ones in which Canada has participated in and built a reputation for peace with.
The role of the United Nations supplying forces to keep the peace was first suggested by Mike Pearson, (Canadian Prime Minister) when he was serving at the UN as Canada's representative. This idea was not only adapted by has become one of the central fixtures in UN activities throughout the world. Pearson was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for the inspiration and Canada has become the most important and respected player in Peace keeping duties, for the UN, throughout the world.   

Pre-1956 UN Observer Missions

1947-48: UNTCOK—United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea. Canada sends a contingent to Korea to supervise elections and withdrawal of USSR and US from Korea.
1948-ongoing: UNTSO—United Nations Truce Supervision Organization. Canada contributes a contingent to the 1st peacekeeping type operation operated by UN observer groups in Palestine. Today, military observer groups (including 7 Canadian military observers) continue to supervise and monitor the ceasefire.
1949-ongoing: UNMOGIP—United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (Kashmir). Canada contributes a contingent to the mission in Pakistan to supervise ceasefire between India and Pakistan.
1950-53: UNSK—United Nations Service in Korea. Canada sends the 3rd largest contingent to UN mission in Korea.
1953-ongoing: UNCMAC—United Nations Command Military Armistice Commission. Canada sends a contingent as part of UNCMAC to supervise the implementation of the armistice, putting an end to the Korean War. Although UNCMAC is still ongoing today, in 1978, the responsibilities of the Canadian contingent were transferred to the Canadian military attaché in Seoul, whose purpose is to serve on the UNMAC Advisory Group.
1956: Canada’s Minister for External Affairs, Lester B. Pearson proposes to the UN General Assembly to send a multinational contingent to the Middle East, in response to the Suez Crisis. This culminated in the first designated UN “peacekeeping” mission—UNEF I.

Post-1956 UN Peacekeeping Missions

1956-67: UNEF 1—United Nations Emergency Force I. Canada sends a contingent to the UN mission in Egypt to supervise the withdrawal of French, Israeli and British troops from Egypt.
1957: Lester B. Pearson is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his remarkable diplomatic achievements and his innovative thinking in resolving the Suez Crisis through the establishment of a UN Emergency Force.
1958: UNOGIL—United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon. Canada sends a contingent to the UN mission in Lebanon.
1960-64: ONUC—United Nations Operation in the Congo. A Canadian contingent is sent to the Congo. The mission’s purpose is to restore order in the African nation while assisting in the removal of Belgium troops.
1962-63: UNSF—United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea. Canada sends a contingent to monitor the ceasefire between Indonesia and the Netherlands, and help ensure peaceful transition of the territory to Indonesia. The purpose of UNSF was to assist the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) in administering the territory, maintaining the rule of law, and protecting human rights.
1963-64: UNYOM—United Nations Yemen Observer Mission. Canada sends a contingent to Yemen.
1964-ongoing: UNIFICYP—United Nations Forces in Cyprus. UNIFICYP is Canada’s longest UN peacekeeping mission. The purpose was to maintain balance between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots in their newly created island.
1965-66: DOMREP—Mission of the Representative of the SG in the Dominican Republic. Canada contributes to the observation of the ceasefire and to the withdrawal of OAS forces.
1965-66: UNIPOM—United Nations India-Pakistan Observer Mission. Canada sends contingent to the border between India and Pakistan to supervise ceasefire.
1973-79: UNEF II—United Nations Emergency Force II. Canada sends a contingent to Egypt to supervise the ceasefire between Egyptian and Israeli forces. The greatest loss of Canadians lives on a peacekeeping mission occurred when nine Canadian peacekeeping soldiers serving as part of UNEF II were killed when the plane they were traveling in was shot down.
1974-ongoing: UNDOF—United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. Canada sends a contingent to the buffer zone between Israel and Syria, and provides communication, logistics and technical support for the UN force.
1978-ongoing: UNIFIL—United Nations Force in Lebanon. Canada sends contingent to Lebanon to support security to the government.
1981: UN establishes September 21st as the annual International Day of Peace, celebrating global ceasefire and non-violence.
1988-90: UNGOMAP—United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Canada sends contingent to Afghanistan.
1988-91: UNIIMOG—United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group. Canada sends a contingent to the borders of Iran-Iraq.
1988: UN Peacekeeping Forces are recognized and win the Nobel Peace Prize for their contribution to reducing tensions around the world under extremely difficult conditions.
1989-91: UNAVEM I—United Nations Angola Verification Missions I. Canada sends contingent to Angola to monitor the withdrawal of Cuban troops.
1989-90: UNTAG—UN Transition Assistance Group in Namibia. Canada sends contingent to Namibia to assist in the transition to independence.
1989-92: ONUCA—United Nations Observer Group in Central America. Canada sends contingent to Central America to monitor compliance with the ceasefire.
1990-91: ONUVEH—United Nations Observer Group for the Verification of the Elections in Haiti. Canada sends contingent to Haiti to observe electoral process.
1991-95: UNAVEM II— United Nations Angola Verification Missions II. Canada assists in monitoring the ceasefire. Subsequent missions in Angola (in which Canada did not take part) are: UNAVEM III from 1995 to 1997 and MONUA from 1997 to 1999.
1991-2003: UNIKOM—United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observer Mission. Canada sends contingent to monitor the Knor Abdullah waterway between Iraq and Kuwait. Canada provides mine clearance and unexploded ordnance disposal duties.
1991-ongoing: MINURSO—United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. Canada sends contingent to Western Sahara to monitor ceasefire.
1991-95: ONUSAL—United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador. Canada sends contingent to observer mission to monitor ceasefire following El Salvador’s 12 year civil war.
1991-92: UNAMIC—United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia. Canada assists in monitoring the ceasefire and establishes mine awareness.
1991-99: UNSCOM—United Nations Special Commission on Iraq. Canada sends contingent to supervise commission in Iraq.
1992-95: UNPROFOR—United Nations Protection Force. Canada sends a contingent to Croatia to monitor demilitarization of designated areas. The mandate was later extended to Macedonia to monitor border areas.
1992-93: UNTAC—United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia. Canada sends contingent to Cambodia to monitor ceasefire.
1992-95: UNOSOM I and UNOSOM II—United Nations Operations in Somalia I and II. Canada sends contingent to UN mission in Somalia. This mission produces no political success. As well, the mission gains attention and becomes a national scandal referred to as “the Somalia Affair” after Canadian soldiers are convicted of torture, assault and murder of Somali civilians.
1992: Creation of DPKO (Department of Peacekeeping Operations) to provide support to field missions.
1992-94: ONUMOZ—United Nations Operation in Mozambique. Canada sends contingent to Mozambique to monitor the elections in 1993.
1993-94: UNOMUR—United Nations Observer Mission in Uganda-Rwanda. Canada assists in verifying that military supplies do not cross the border into Rwanda
1993-96: UNAMIR—United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda. Canada sends contingent to the mission in Rwanda. Canadian Lt.-Gen. Roméo Dallaire led this mission to supervise the warring Tutsi and Hutu population. This mission meets significant hurdles as UN troops witness the slaughter of nearly 800,000 Rwandans in what will later be identified as genocide. Despite specific plans by Lt. General Dallaire to retaliate upon growing violence, the UN does not agree. This mission is viewed as a significant failure, resulting in not only the loss of hundreds of thousand Rwandans but also a significant loss of UN lives.
1995-2002: UNPREDEP—United Nations Preventive Deployment Force to the Balkans.
1995-2002: UNMIBH—United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Canada contributes 30 civilian police.
1993-96 UNMIH—United Nations Mission in Haiti. Canada contributes 750 military personnel and 100 civilian police.
1994: Operation Forward Action. Canada sends contingent to UN blockade of Haiti.
1996-2002: UNMOP—United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka.
1996-97: UNSMIH—United Nations Support Mission in Haiti. Canada contributes 752 military personnel and 100 civilian police.
1997: SHIRBRIG is officially established. SHIRBRIG is a multinational Stand-by High Readiness Brigade created to rapidly deploy at any given time by the UN.
1997: UNTMIH—United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti. Canada contributes a contingent of 650 military personnel and 60 civilian police.
1997: MINUGHA—United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala. Canada assists in monitoring the ceasefire agreement.
1997-2000: MIPONUH—United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti. Canada contributes 22 civilian police and police trainers.
1999: UNAMET—United Nations Mission in East Timor. Canada sends a contingent to assist in East Timor’s democratic independence from Indonesia.
1999-ongoing: MONUC—United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Canada is contributing 9 military observers.
2000-ongoing: UNMEE—United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Canada sends 450 military personnel between 2000 and 2002.
2000: Creation of mandate by the UN Security Council (Resolution 1325) for mainstreaming gender perspectives in peacekeeping operations and to identify the importance and significance of women’s roles in peace and security.
2003: On October 24th, the 1st annual International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers pays tribute to all men and women who have, and continue to, serve in UN peacekeeping missions. The UN invites all peoples and nations to celebrate the global day of ceasefire.
2003: Retired Lt.-Gen. Roméo Dallaire releases his influential book, Shake Hands with the Devil, recounting the mission he led in Rwanda and identifying its failures, such as the international community’s reluctance to commit further troops to stop the violence. Dallaire’s book becomes a significant contribution to the obstacles that peacekeeping missions are facing. His book identifies the failure of the international community to stop the genocide, despite the UN’s involvement.
2004-ongoing: UNOCI—United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. Canada is contributing 2 civilian police.
2004-ongoing: MINUSTAH—United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Canada is contributing 66 civilian police and 5 military personnel.
2005-ongoing: UNMIS—United Nations Mission in the Sudan. Canada is contributing a total of 31 troops, police and military observers. In 2006, the mandate of UNMIS was expanded to include its deployment to Darfur in support of the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement.
2005: Member states approve a standing civilian police capacity and military strategic reserve force to make peacekeeping missions more efficient and effective.
2006: The Canadian Association of Veterans in United Nations Peacekeeping name August 9th as Peacekeeping Day to recognize the service and dedication of Canadians who served and continue to serve in the name of peace and security. On August 9th, 1974, Canada suffered the greatest single loss of Canadian lives on a peacekeeping mission; 9 Canadian peacekeepers died while serving with UNEF I.
2006: Canada ranks 55th (out of 108) as a UN peacekeeping nation based on its commitment of military and police personnel. Over the years, Canada has sent over 120,000 troops as part of UN peacekeeping missions, and it has the 2nd highest peacekeeping fatality with 114 fatalities.
Sources:


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The Canadian Armed Forces in Haiti

Introduction

Our country's international peace efforts take Canadians in uniform to many far-off corners of the world. Canadians served in peace efforts in Haiti in the mid-1990s and returned again in 2004 in an attempt to bring stability to a country battered by strife and upheaval.

Haiti

Haiti is a mountainous, French-speaking country located in the West Indies. The small, densely-populated country (with a population of approximately 8,000,000 people occupying an area about half the size of Nova Scotia) has had a tumultuous history.
The island where Haiti is located was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and was home to the first European colony in the Americas. Centuries later, Haiti became the first black-ruled republic in the world and just the second republic in the Western Hemisphere following a slave revolt. A country born in revolution, Haiti's politics continued to be tumultuous and the land went from being the richest colony in the world to one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere.
From the 1950s to the mid-1980s, Haiti was controlled by the dictatorship of François "Papa Doc" Duvalier and, following his death, that of his son, Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier. During this period of upheaval and corruption, thousands of Haitians fled their country, many of them emigrating to Quebec to make new lives for themselves.
After the Duvalier era finally came to a close, a new constitution was eventually proclaimed and free elections were held. In November 1990, Jean Bertrand Aristide was elected as President of Haiti. However, in September 1991, he was ousted from power by a military coup d'état and forced into exile. The international community was disturbed by this turn of events and called for the restoration of democratic leadership and an end to the human rights violations in the country.

The World Responds

In June 1993, the United Nations Security Council imposed an oil and arms embargo against Haiti in an effort to force Haiti's military dictatorship to step aside and allow Aristide to return to power. After a deal with the Haitian military leaders fell through, the embargo continued and Canadian warships, under a United States-led effort, plied the waters off the country to enforce the trade restrictions.
In September 1994, UN forces were finally able to land in Haiti and enforce the deal to return Aristide to power. This UN mission was intended to create a stable environment in the country, reform Haiti's military and create an independent police force. Beginning in March 1995, 500 Canadian Armed Forces personnel deployed to Haiti to contribute to this international effort. The Canadian contingent included aviation, engineering, transportation and administrative support personnel from across the country. They also provided logistical support and construction engineer services to the UN operations. In March 1996, the Canadian contingent expanded to 750 and their duties shifted to providing infantry personnel for security patrols, a helicopter detachment, engineers and a logistical support group as the UN mandate changed.
Canadians remained in the country as new UN missions continued, with up to 650 military personnel helping maintain stability in the country as the Haitian national police were trained (in part by Canadian civilian police officers) so they would be able to eventually do this themselves. As well, the Canadians also made important contributions to the people of the country by helping rebuild bridges, schools and water supply systems, operating medical clinics and delivering humanitarian aid. During their times in Haiti, the Canadian Armed Forces members were often greeted as protectors and friends as they travelled the chaotic streets of the capital, Port-au-Prince.
The international contingents continued their peacekeeping and humanitarian work in the country until the main military mission ended in 1997 (although Canadian police remained in the country until 2000). Unfortunately, Haiti has largely remained an impoverished country battered by violence and unrest. In early 2004, President Bertrand Aristide was again ousted from power and went into exile. With the nation descending into chaos again, a new multinational peace mission has been undertaken. Again, Canada has been there for the people of Haiti as approximately 500 Canadian Armed Forces personnel, including an infantry company, a helicopter detachment and support personnel, went to the country to restore order until a new UN stabilization mission could be well established. While this larger Canadian effort came to a close in August 2004, some Canadian Armed Forces officers continue to serve in key positions in the headquarters of the current UN mission.

Facts and Figures

The maximum size of the UN missions in Haiti has been approximately 7,500 military members and civilian police drawn from dozens of nations. At times, more than 750 Canadian Armed Forces members and 100 Canadian civilian police officers have served there.
Canadian Armed Forces engineers brought their expertise in road maintenance, mine disposal, water supply and power generation to the peace support efforts. Logistical personnel provided vehicle maintenance, transport, administrative and medical capabilities while Canadian Hercules aircraft and military helicopters have provided air transport, patrol and medical evacuation capabilities to the international forces on occasion.
Canada has taken a leading role in the UN-led efforts in Haiti in the past, in large part due to the linguistic and cultural ties our two countries have shared over the years – we both have French as an official language, there is a large Haitian-Canadian community in Quebec and Canadian missionaries and foreign aid workers have long been active in Haiti.

Heroes and Bravery

Haiti has been a grueling environment in which to work, with extremely hot and humid conditions being common. The Canadian Armed Forces members serving in the country have had to carry out their demanding duties against this constantly challenging backdrop.
Canadians serving in Haiti often donated their spare time to humanitarian efforts. For example, they often visited orphanages and unofficially adopted 30 homeless children who were in a nearby relief mission. Medical personnel helped the sick and elderly and also delivered babies. Canadian engineers also constructed a school in the country.
Master Corporal Joseph Lavallée was awarded a Meritorious Service Medal for his great courage and determination in maintaining security at the Haitian National Palace during a tense demonstration. He ensured his section prevented an angry group of 1,000 people from storming the building.

Sacrifice

The challenges faced by Canadians serving in peace support efforts are very different than those faced by most people. Not many careers see its professionals called on to spend months at a time away from home, serving in hot, dirty, dangerous conditions in which the constant threat of violence simmers around them. However, this is indeed the situation that has been faced by many Canadian Armed Forces members trying to establish and nurture peace in Haiti. A total of 15 UN personnel from around the world have lost their lives in the various peace missions there.
Cultivating peace is often a long process and one that often does not pay full dividends for many years. The Canadian Armed Forces members on missions like these usually do not get to see the ultimate results of their peace efforts because they are only there for a relatively short time, a situation that can be frustrating for them. Working in places like Haiti where the problems are complex and deeply rooted mean that the results of peace efforts are simply not always going to be dramatic – but the spirit of striving and sacrificing to help continues.
About 130 Canadians have died in the course of peace support operations overseas over the years, paying the ultimate price in their efforts to help the people in these strife-torn places. Many more have been injured in these efforts.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by Canada's Veterans during times of war, military conflict and peace, and to become involved in remembrance activities that will help to preserve their legacy for future generations. Knowing about our country's values and history helps us understand the Canada we live in today and how we can build our future together.
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The Canadian Armed Forces in the Golan Heights of Syria

Introduction




Being far from home and family is never easy, especially if your work takes you to a harsh and isolated part of the world where you must carry out your duties surrounded by barbed wire, trenches, and the wreckage of past conflicts between two bitter foes that could explode into flashes of violence. For the many Canadian Armed Forces members who have served in the United Nations (UN) peace mission in the Golan Heights of Syria, this is not a hypothetical scenario. It is real – and they lived it.
The Canadian presence in the uplands between Syria and Israel is one of the longest-running international commitments ever undertaken by Canada. More than 12,000 Canadians have served there since the UN peace mission began in 1974.
Many Canadians have enjoyed peace for so long that it might be difficult to imagine its absence; but those who served in Syria deeply understand how fragile peace is, and how important it is to protect.

Syria

Syria is a small Arab country with a population of approximately 18 million people. It is located in the Middle East along the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Much of Syria's recent history is defined by the tensions and political unrest that have enveloped much of the volatile Middle East for the past half century. From time to time, conflicts between the Arab countries and Israel have broken out, as it did in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 when Syria and Egypt clashed with Israeli forces. It would be the next year before a cease-fire agreement was reached between Syria and Israel.

Canada and the World Responds

The UN was called upon in 1974 to create a mission, known as the United Nations Disengagement Observation Force (UNDOF), to supervise the cease-fire plan and to monitor the situation afterward.
The plan created a buffer zone between the forces of the two countries. This zone, called an "Area of Separation," is 80 kilometres long and from one to 10 kilometres wide. It is mostly located in the area known as the Golan Heights. Inside this special area, no military presence is allowed other than UN observers. Beyond this zone there is an "Area of Limitation" where there are restrictions upon any military presence and the activity of Israeli and Syrian forces.
The Canadians' primary role in Syria is to provide transportation, supply, maintenance, communications and other logistical support services for their fellow UN forces. Without these essential services, the larger UN peace forces could not continue their patrols and other vital activities that help stabilize the area.

Facts and Figures

  • The Golan Heights is a dry, inhospitable area where poisonous snakes and other natural threats are common. In places, the temperatures can reach 40 C in the summer and the weather can turn cold, wet and snowy in the winter.
  • The UN peace contingent in the Golan Heights has numbered more than 1,000 personnel strong, with tens of thousands of UN troops serving in the area over the years. In total, approximately 40 UN personnel have died in the course of peace efforts there, including four Canadians.

Heroes and Bravery

The challenges of peace missions are varied. In 1984, a Canadian, Lieutenant-Colonel Donald Ethell, was acting as the Force Commander in the area when he made the delicate last-minute arrangements for a large prisoner and body exchange between Israel and Syria. The situation was tense and violence was a distinct possibility, but Lieutenant-Colonel Ethell was able to complete the exchange which involved more than 300 prisoners of war and soldier remains. A year later he successfully arranged a similar exchange of approximately 150 prisoners.
During the Gulf War of 1991, the UN forces stationed in the Golan Heights were on high alert. Scud missiles launched from Iraq and targeted on Israel would fly overhead on an almost nightly basis for a time. For the Canadians stationed in occupied Syria, this was a time of constant tension and sleepless nights as the perils of war again came calling on the Golan Heights.
Canadian Armed Forces members serving in distant, dangerous places have found ways to cope. In the Golan Heights, for example, the Canadian contingent has a mascot. Digger is a dog who lives with the Maintenance Platoon and holds an honourary rank of sergeant. He has been with the contingent for more than 20 tours and even had his picture taken with the then-Prime Minister of Canada, Jean Chrétien, when he visited the troops.

Sacrifice


The presence of UN troops in the Golan Heights has helped to prevent the outbreak of new full-fledged hostilities between Israel and Syria. However, this has come with a high price.
The single highest loss of Canadian lives since our country began to participate in international peace missions involved our presence in Syria. Nine Canadian Armed Forces members with the UN peace mission in Egypt were killed on August 9, 1974, when the plane they were in was shot down in a Syrian missile attack while making a routine supply run to the mission in the Golan Heights.
Hostile fire, land mines and vehicle accidents are the most obvious dangers in a conflict zone, but they are not the only ones. Mysterious illnesses and psychological effects resulting from the harsh conditions take a serious toll that can last a lifetime.
Building a solid foundation for lasting peace in a region torn by years of strife can be a lengthy process. Because rotations are usually six months at a time, the Canadians serving there often do not get to see the full effects of their labours to support peace. Because of the nature of peace work, it sometimes takes years for the results of their work to be seen and understood. This can add to the stress that Canadian Armed Forces members feel when they return home and, when they leave the Forces, it can make it more difficult for them to reintegrate into civilian life.
All those who serve in peace efforts take their place of honour alongside Canadian Veterans who achieved and sacrificed so much in the First and Second World Wars and the Korean War. About 130 Canadians have died in the course of peace support operations overseas over the years, paying the ultimate price in their efforts to help the people in these strife-torn places. Many more have been injured in these efforts.

Canada Remembers Program

The Canada Remembers Program of Veterans Affairs Canada encourages all Canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by all those that served, and continue to serve, during times of war and peace, and to become involved in remembrance activities that will help to preserve their legacy for future generations of Canadians.
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BLOGSPOT:
CANADA MILITARY NEWS- God's Watching- Remembering Katrina...post to troops and personal observations 2009/Waylon Jennings -House of the Rising Sun for Katrina/ Why is the kindness and goodness of our Christian nations so horrifically abused with $$$$trillions of 50 years fed in2 waste and despots and thieves pockets? why?-The Foreign Aid Debate/why we still believe in decency and good of each other 2 still give as Canadians in a jaded-faded world -and will because it's just right-God's watching
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BLOGGED: Wednesday, May 6, 2015
CANADA MILITARY NEWS: May2015- The great and incredible Canada Military, Militia, Reservists, Rangers and Special Forces and Cadets of Canada - the history and news of tradition, courage, brilliance, determination, and the ability 2 master your circumstances with very little- this one's 4 u. And Canada's politics are changing colours- but if u want Canadian votes- u better support your military - or u are truly lost 2 Canadians- we are watching. God bless our Canada and Commonwealth

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BLOGGED:

CANADA-Nepal needs us and help urgently/ ForeignAid and $$$$ -quantity and quality of aid have been poor and donor nations NOT held accountable. United Nations - WTF??/Poverty and the Environment/ Canada- help ur own poor- our First Peoples of the North/USA-Russia and China all lovey because of Oil in Arctic- Climate change my arse-imho/NEPAL- make sure ur money and help gets there quickly- call research get involved Canada, Nepal needs us/UN needs serious fixing and WHO 4 Ebola disaster/Updates May 2015/JUNE 1- Canadians raised $17Million from own pockets- CANADA OFFERS EMPLOY FOR NEPALESE YOUTH IN AGRICULTURE



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Then.... RWANDA
BLOGSPOT:
CANADA MILITARY NEWS- RWANDA-Canadians Remember Rwanda- April 7, 2014/So few...NO heroes among Global politicans r Global $$$ Media- so many deaths... not a white mans war-UN ignored- as did Africas- RWANDA SCREAMS THAT SYRIA IS 2014's RWANDA- shame United Nations- Shame!







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BLOGSPOT:
CANADA MILITARY NEWS: The World's Hate John 15:17-27 / What does CANADA'S SOLDIER- Romeo Dallaire -Rwanda's Saviour say/ Pope Francis calls on us- let's get cracking/no excuse Canadians for voting-Afghan women did/Vietnam Boat Movement/Rwanada/UN complete betrayal of world's humanity- gotta go /Wish we could have sponsored Anne Frank...as WWII children she was our hero... so brave...so good...so decent/ Desiderata
http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/09/canada-military-news-worlds-hat-john.html

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Blogged:

Canada Military News: STOP UR WARS PLS.- How DARE global political leaders put our troops on battlefields yet again- in a war with no rules, laws or boundaries - and our troops stuck in 150 yr old Geneva Convention- NO WAY- It's just like Peacekeeping Rwanda and Romeo Dallaire- Canada's saviour -AND NATIONS BETRAYAL OF VIETNAM- R TROOPS- NO MORE, millions and millions of us r weary and we're the supporters- - Robin Williams Peace Plan /CANADA NEEDS TO CARE FOR OUR VETERANS- PTSD -WOUNDED- FAMILIES- its time/f**k ur wars we're all tired /Environment-Humanity f**king matters vs feeding $$$war machines

 

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/11/canada-military-news-how-can-political.html

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BLOGGED:

Canada Military News- Humanity Defended/The Problems with Beliefs/Why we Cannot Save the world (from How to Save the World) / Jane Goodall: How Humans and Animals can live together /stop using refugees as weapons in propaganda war/World is educated, smart, savvy and better than this - we need better leadership and humanity where people matter more than war imho

 

http://nova0000scotia.blogspot.ca/2015/11/canada-military-news-humanity.html



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